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- converts prekallikrein to kallikrein
- 12a
- order of loss in nerve block
- pain, temp, touch, pressure
- increased risk of MALT lymphoma
- h.pylori
- runs behind the antrum of the stomach
- gastroduodenal artery
- granular immunofluorescence with IgG and C3
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- hydrolyzes starch to oligosaccharides and disaccharides in the duodenum
- pancreatic amylase
- 22q11
- TOF, truncus arteriosus
- dilated vessels in the heart lead to hyperemia
- 2 to 4 days post MI
- used to diagnose and abolish AV nodal arrhythmias
- adenosine
- fibroblast growth factor receptor mutation
- achondroplasia
- superior pancreaticoduodenal artery communication
- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- not linked to smoking, develops in site of previous injury, clara cells
- bronchial or bronchoalveolar adenocarinoma
- RA, TB, multiple myeloma
- amyloid
- positively charged molecule that binds to negatively charged heparin
- protamine sulfate
- bug in the development of atherosclerosis
- chlamydia pneumoniae, maybe CMV
- marantic/thrombotic endocarditis
- renal failure
- M1 receptors on ECL cells
- histamine secretion
- arteriolar density decreased (rarefaction)
- chronic hypertension
- safe anxiolytic
- buspirone
- catalyzes C3 to C3a
- plasminogen
- somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin, secretin
- decrease gastric acid
- hydrolyzes a-1-4 to yield disaccharides
- salivary amylase
- slimy capsule
- cryptococcus
- chronic obstructive pancreatitis
- gallstones
- bilirubin deposition in the brain
- kernicterus
- delayed diastolic murmur gets louder with inspiration
- tricuspid stenosis
- migratory thrombophlebitis with pancreatic cancer
- trousseau's syndrome
- RPGN type II
- immune complex
- increase pancreatic secretion, increase gallbladder contraction, decrease gastric emptying
- CCK
- change in the aortas of most children
- fatty streak
- BM thickening, kimmelstiel-wilson wire loop lesions
- diabetic nephropathy
- dissecting aneurysm
- hypertension, cystic medial necrosis (but not atherosclerosis)
- 2 to 4 days after MI
- risk of arrhythmia
- hepatoduodenal ligament
- portal triad
- more stratum spinosum, less stratum granulosum
- psoriasis
- vasa vasora
- syphilis
- parathyroid hormone related peptide
- squamous carcinoma of the lung
- dilate everything, decrease platelet aggregation
- prostacyclin
- variety of complaints in multiple organ systems
- somatization disorder
- beading on ERCP
- PSC
- non-specific cold agglutinin test
- mycoplasma pneumonia
- persistence of the vitelline duct or yolk stalk
- meckel's diverticulum
- secrete alkaline mucus from the duodenal submucosa
- brunner's glands
- C8-, CD55-, CD59-, GPI, PIG-A
- PNH
- 3hz
- stomach
- aortic arch syndrome, pulseless disease
- takayasu arteritis
- foot process effacement in a child with nephrotic syndrome
- minimal change disease
- 11;22, onion skin bone, early mets, small blue cell tumor
- ewing's sarcoma
- AL amyloid
- multiple myeloma
- hypertension, proteinuria, edema
- preeclampsia
- anastomosis causing esophageal varices
- left gastric with the azygous
- 21-b-hydroxylase deficiency
- shunting toward androgens
- RPF/(1-hct)
- RBF
- hypokalemia
- HCTZ
- heterophil+ mono
- EBV
- M3 type of AML
- 15;17
- lesser curvature, antral or prepyloric regions
- peptic ulcer
- monoclonal IgM production
- waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- delta wave on EKG
- wolff-parkinson-white
- both ovary and testicle present
- true hermaphrodite
- fat forty fertile female native american with crohns and CF with lots of kids and on estrogen and fibrates
- cholesterol stones
- crypt abscesses and ulcers with bleeding
- UC
- I cells of the duodenum
- CCK
- FEV1/FVC>80%
- restrictive lung disease
- arginine and histidine
- needed for GH to work
- low cortisol after low dose dex
- healthy
- factor 2
- prothrombin
- olfactory hallucination
- aura of psychomotor epilepsy
- unliateral pigmented skin lesions, precocious puberty, multiple unilateral bone lesions
- albright's syndrome
- AB2M
- long term renal hemodialysis
- heparin, histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factors
- mast cell granules
- portacaval shunt to relieve portal hypertension
- splenic vein with left renal vein
- normal pulmonary artery pressure
- 10-14mmhg
- ST elevation
- transmural infarct
- exstrophy of the bladder
- epispadias
- O2, adenosine, NO
- autoregulators of the heart
- pruritic eruption on flexor surfaces
- atopic dermatitis
- salt retention
- hydralazine, minoxidil
- yeast with no capsule
- histoplasma
- most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- decreased plasma cells and inadequate Ig
- common variable immunodeficiency
- effect of salicylates
- anion gap acidosis
- converts HMWK to bradykinin
- kallikrein
- produced by sertoli cells
- ABP, inhibin
- close K channel in the beta cell membrane
- sulfonylureas
- give for HTN in pregnancy
- hydralazine and methyldopa
- normal fertility, acne, very tall
- XYY
- inhibits DNA polymerase and is used for AML
- cytarabine (ara-C)
- bile stasis, increased alk phos, increased conjugated bilirubin
- secondary biliary cirrhosis
- increased systemic venous pressure on inspiration
- kussmaul's sign
- VSD, overriding aorta, RVH, pulmonary valve stenosis
- tetralogy of fallot
- HPV-16
- oral cancers
- wide pulse pressure, high blowing murmur
- aortic regurgitation
- indirect inguinal hernia
- internal inguinal ring
- high urine osmolarity
- prerenal azotemia
- ferruginous bodies
- asbestos fibers covered with hemosiderin
- what are spikes? what are domes?
- spikes are basement membrane, domes are immune deposits
- low GABA and low Ach
- huntington's
- honeycomb lung
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- focal necrotizing glomerulitis
- immune complex disease or septic emboli
- false belief of pregnancy assoc with physical signs
- pseudocyesis
- migratory polyarthritis, erythema nodosum, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, immuno disorders
- crohn's
- give for both torsades and digitalis toxicity
- Mg
- uses of alpha interferon
- hep B, hep C, kaposi's sarcoma, leukemia, malignant melanoma
- most specific for MI after 4 hrs
- cardiac troponin I
- most common adult primary tumor of the heart
- myxoma of the left atrium
- phenylalanine and tryptophan
- stimulate gastrin secretion
- recovery from mycoplasma pneumoniae, EBV
- cold hemolytic anemia
- enhanced virulence of bacteria
- a prophage lysogenic conversion
- primary gain
- psychic
- progressive distention of the renal pelvis and calyces
- hydronephrosis
- demonstrates susceptibility of RBCs to lysis by complement
- ham's test for PNH
- effect of diabetic ketoacidosis
- anion gap acidosis
- associated with scleroderma and CREST
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- granuloma with giant cells in the heart
- aschoff bodies - RHD
- external ear or achilles tendon
- tophus formation
- linitis plastica
- thick wall, infiltrating or diffuse carcinoma of the stomach
- constrict everything
- thromboxane
- G2 phase specific cancer agent
- etoposide
- epulis
- benign growth of the gingivae
- sign of malignancy in a polyp
- villousness
- protein sample is put through electrophoresis and a radiolabeled antibody is used to find specific proteins. used for HIV.
- western blotting
- giant cell pneumonia
- measles virus pneumonia
- ascending aorta
- dissection
- limb deformity, facial deformity, pulmonary hypoplasia
- potter's syndrome
- chromosome 16
- hemoglobin alpha chain gene
- tertiary gain
- what the caretaker gets
- responds only to increases in BP
- aortic baroreceptor
- marker for carcinoid
- 5HIAA
- cause of cerebellar abscess
- middle ear infection
- beta chain absent
- beta thal major
- clearance of inulin or creatinine
- GFR
- dopamine receptor sensitization
- tardive dyskinesia
- granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia, many organs involved
- churg-strauss syndrome
- do not allow anaphase to occur
- paclitaxel
- factor 1
- fibrinogen
- coal worker's lung
- upper lobes
- 90% of a RBC's glucose is convered to what
- lactate
- failure of processus vaginalis closure
- indirect inguinal hernia
- 12hz
- duodenum
- diabetes
- nephrotic syndrome
- inactivate NF-kB and therefore TNF-a
- steroids
- prevent hirsutism in PCOS
- ketoconazole, spironolactone
- gives feces dark color
- stercobilin
- wire loop lesions with subepithelial deposits
- SLE
- highly aggressive uterine tumor with tendency to recur
- leiomyosarcoma
- polymyositis + shawl and face rash
- dermatomyositis
- increased bleeding time and increased PTT
- vWD
- typical child abuser
- female primary caregiver
- early cyanosis
- right to left shunt
- burr cell
- TTP/HUS
- antibodies to U1RNP
- mixed connective tissue disease
- increased H+ leads to unloading of O2
- bohr effect
- CRC, osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia
- gardner's syndrome
- highest blood flow overall
- liver
- clock face chromatin
- plasma cell
- proximal muscle pain, periarticular pain, morning stiffness
- polymyalgia rheumatica
- diploid 4N
- primary spermatocyte
- increased norepi, low GABA and low 5HT
- anxiety
- cerebellopontine angle
- CN VII and VIII
- why does oral glucose get used more rapidly than IV glucose
- GIP
- Ig heavy chain gene
- chromosome 14
- V-Cosm
- free water clearance
- intersexual disorders, nephropathy, wilms tumor
- denys-drash syndrome (WT-1)
- mutation in the alpha-5 chain of type IV collagen
- alport syndrome
- effect of uremia
- anion gap acidosis
- low ceruloplasmin
- wilson's disease
- WAGR complex - assoc with WT-1
- wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary malformations, mental-motor Retardation
- 46XX, paternal origin
- complete mole
- physiologic dead space
- ventilation without perfusion
- psoas abscess
- TB
- absence of ganglion cells in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses
- hirschsprung's disease
- CD30 and CD15
- reed sternberg cells
- most common non-hodgkin lymphoma
- follicular lymphoma
- participates in gas exchange and also has cilia
- respiratory bronchioles
- most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract
- meckel's diverticulum
- used for childhood tumors
- dactinomycin
- palisading nuclei
- basal cell carcinoma
- causes vasodilation, permeability, and pain
- bradykinin
- gland depth/total thickness of bronchial wall
- reid index
- radiolabeled albumin
- measures plasma volume
- 9hz
- ileum
- source of hCG
- syncytiotrophoblast
- chronic RBC hemolysis, alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age, biliary infection
- pigment stones (radio-opaque)
- separates the left greater and lesser sacs, contains no vessels
- gastrosplenic ligament
- mucocele of salivary gland origin on the floor of the mouth
- ranula
- amyloid in the mesangium
- TB
- convoluted appearing nuclei in children
- T-ALL, often with a mediastinal mass
- diabetic cataracts are due to accumulation of what
- sorbitol
- milk-alkali syndrome
- nephrocalcinosis
- stomach ulcers
- pepsin
- string sign due to bowel wall thickening
- crohn's
- antiplatelet antibodies
- ITP
- initial oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis
- hyperkalemia
- young adult who smokes, langerhans cells infiltrate the lung
- histiocytosis X
- AL or ATTR
- primary cardiac amyloidosis
- most frequent cause of death in polyarteritis nodosa
- renal lesions and hypertension
- bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- imatinib
- asbestosis and smoking
- bronchogenic carcinoma
- epiploic foramen of winslow
- grab the hepatoduodenal ligament
- FAB: leukemia with only T cells
- L2
- an IgG or IgA of either kappa or lambda specificity
- M protein of multiple myeloma
- CRC with glioblastoma
- turcot's syndrome
- split basement membrane
- alport's syndrome
- pi gene of chromosome 14
- a1-antitrypsin deficiency
- abruptio placentae, eclampsia, septic shock
- diffuse cortical necrosis (due to vasospasm or DIC)
- nephrotic syndrome + azotemia
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- 5q
- APC
- adducts and laterally rotates
- teres minor
- constipation, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
- aluminum hydroxide
- protection against toxoplasma
- Th1 cells
- distal 1/3 of transverse colon to upper rectum
- inferior mesenteric artery
- increased PTT
- hemophilia A or B
- thickened capillary walls and thickened basement membrane
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- fusobacterium and borrelia vincentii
- acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity of bone
- chondrosarcoma
- granular casts
- acute tubular necrosis
- lipid laden cells in the proximal tubules
- minimal change disease
- used to determine epidemiological relatedness, a piece of DNA is combined with a piece of other DNA on a probe.
- southern blotting
- obstructive jaundice with palpable gallbladder
- courvosier's sign, means probably pancreatic cancer
- neutrophils in the crypts of lieberkuhn
- UC
- sclerosis within capillary tufts of deep juxtameduallary glomeruli
- FSGS
- MUD PILES
- anion gap acidosis
- activates the fibrinolytic system
- kallikrein
- acidophilic adenoma of the pituitary
- growth hormone tumor
- early renal failure
- inability to concentrate urine
- interferes with testosterone production by leydig cells
- prolactin
- motor or sensory symptoms, patient unconcerned
- conversion disorder
- B-acteria (h.pylori)
- A-ntrum
- female hormone made in the testes
- progesterone
- staph aureus on previously normal valves
- acute bacterial endocarditis
- maintains blood pressure, decreases bone formation
- cortisol
- faulty positioning of genital tubercle
- epispadias
- laterally rotates arm
- infraspinatus
- lacks 3 alpha globin genes
- HbH
- used to treat Wolff-Parkinson-White
- amiodarone
- sepsis, trauma, OB, pancreatitis, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, transfusion
- DIC
- multiple lesions of the same age in the arterioles and capillaries
- leukocytoclastic vasculitis
- rarely involves the fundus
- stomach cancer
- pericarditis with a protein-rich exudate
- SLE, RA, viral infection
- treatment for depression with insomnia
- trazodone or mirtazapine
- D cells of the pancreatic islets and GI mucosa
- somatostatin
- joint problems, vision problems, diarrhea - PAS positive macrophages in lamina propria
- whipple's disease
- interlacing woven bone surrounded by osteoblasts
- osteoid osteoma
- the extra tumor in MEN 2
- parathyroid
- increased sensitivity of RBCs to complement
- PNH
- medications to cause prolactinoma
- reserpine, methyldopa
- CAPTOPRIL
- cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste, hypOtension, pregnancy problems, rash, increased renin, lowers angiotensin II
- double bubble, spindle cells with multinucleated giant cells
- giant cell tumor
- cardiac AP phase 1
- Na channels inactivated, K channels open
- proximal small bowel
- celiac sprue
- pulse pressure is proportional to
- stroke volume
- drug for acute gout
- indomethacin
- spinal nerve root involvement, from the feet upwards
- guillan-barre
- depend on insulin for glucose uptake
- muscle and adipose
- malformation of the ureteric BUD
- potter's syndrome
- ivory white pleural plaques
- asbestosis
- comes from a myeloblast
- BEN - basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil
- cause of most deaths in the early stages of RF
- myocarditis
- dilate everything but uterine muscle
- prostaglandins
- A Cal
- related to calcitonin, occurs in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
- presents as iron deficiency anemia
- carcinoma of the right colon
- bile acids conjugated to glycine or taurine
- bile salts
- leukemic form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma
- sezary syndrome
- prematurity, maternal diabetes, C-section
- neonatal RDS
- CagA
- helicobacter pylori associated gastric cancer
- inhibited by ketoconazole
- desmolase
- beta2 microglobulin amyloid deposits
- chronic hemodialysis
- respond to O2, CO2, pH
- carotid body chemoreceptor
- decreased extracellular sodium
- increased contractility
- islet cell tumor leading to massive diarrhea
- VIPoma
- pathologic Q waves
- transmural infarct
- caused by dialysis, gives you a risk of RCC
- acquired cystic disease
- columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus
- barrett's
- bcl-2
- follicular lymphoma
- RPGN type I
- antibody mediated
- layers of the mucosa
- epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
- tumor of DERMIS
- keloid
- clearance x half-life/0.7
- Vd
- RBC casts
- inflammation, ischemia, malignant hypertension
- ST depression
- subendocardial infarct
- lots of reed sternberg cells
- mixed cellularity hodgkin's lymphoma
- von recklinghausen's syndrome
- cystic bone spaces filled with brown fibrous tissue leading to bone pain
- anastomosis causing caput medusa
- paraumbilical with inferior epigastric
- effect of methanol
- anion gap acidosis
- reverses myelosuppression with MTX but not 5FU
- leucovorin
- amantidine
- increase dopamine release
- rate limiting step of carb digestion
- oligosaccharide hydrolases at brush border
- amino acid reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- secondary active transport
- decreased TIBC
- hemochromatosis
- treatment of nephrogenic DI
- HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
- low urine sodium
- decreased renal blood flow (shock)
- mature teratoma in males
- malignant!
- hyperkalemia
- captopril, losartan
- primitive metanephric tissue
- wilms tumor origin
- schizophrenic for less than 6 months
- schizophreniform disorder
- pain decreases with meals
- duodenal ulcer
- striking thickening of the basement membrane
- diabetes
- aldosterone acts where
- collecting duct
- act at G2 phase
- bleomycin
- alkylate DNA, cross the BBB so used to treat brain cancer
- carmustine
- S cells of the duodenum
- secretin
- GFR x plasma conc
- filtered load
- myosin releases ADP and is displaced on the actin filament
- power stroke
- serotonin 1D agonist, causes vasoconstriction
- sumatriptan
- agranulocytosis
- clozapine
- rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperpyrexia
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome, treat with dantrolene or DA
- lymphoma of immature T cells in kids
- lymphoblastic lymphoma
- autoimmune, IgG against epidermal cell surface desmosomes, acantholysis (breakdown of cell-cell jxns)
- pemphigous vulgaris
- c-abl proto-oncogene
- chromosome 9
- basophilic pituitary hormones: FLAT
- FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
- sudden violence, vertical and horizontal nystagmus
- PCP
- causes fibrinous necrosis of the superficial mucosa (c.dfficile)
- exotoxin
- fixed S2 splitting
- ASD
- anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
- TOF
- auerbach's plexus
- muscularis externa - myenteric plexus
- connects liver to abdominal wall
- falciform ligament
- TCA implicated in neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- amoxapine
- TAIL: basophilic stippling
- thalassemias, anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
- abetalipoproteinemia
- acanthocytes
- blurry yellow vision
- digitalis
- sarcoidosis
- calcium stones
- converts cholesterol to pregnenolone
- desmolase
- inner muscularis externa
- circular
- old people with low fiber diets
- diverticulosis, hemorrhoids
- NK1 antagonist
- aprepitant
- reduction in leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity
- CML
- progressive symmetrical prox muscle weakness - CD8 injury to myofibers
- polymyositis
- most common adrenal tumor in kids, no hypertension
- neuroblastoma
- beta chain underproduced
- beta thal minor
- I blood group antigen
- cold hemolytic anemia
- tap facial nerve, get contraction of facial muscles
- chvostek's sign - hypocalcemia
- marked increase in diastolic BP
- malignant hypertension
- low BUN/Cre ratio
- renal azotemia
- polycythemia vera, pregnancy, HCC
- budd-chiari syndrome
- lymphocytes at the dermoepidermal junction
- lichen planus
- opening snap, rumbling late diastolic murmur
- mitral stenosis
- Na-(HCO3+Cl)
- anion gap
- U wave
- hypokalemia
- autoimmune bowel disease
- UC
- 11;22
- ewing's sarcoma
- contains splenic artery and vein
- splenorenal ligament
- lymphocytes, submucosal fibrosis, granulomas
- crohn's disease
- catalyzes 2 to 2a
- 10a, 5a
- decreased FEV1/FVC
- obstructive lung disease
- most important prognostic factor in breast cancer
- lymph node involvement
- heterophil(-) mono
- CMV
- scooping of ST, T-wave inversion
- digitalis
- treat with phlebotomy, deferoxamine
- hemochromatosis
- originates in renal tubule cells -> polygonal clear cells
- renal cell carcinoma
- acts at the AV node
- class IV
- cancer associated with celiac sprue
- T cell lymphoma
- GI problem in down's syndrome
- hirschsprung's disease
- increased ICP
- hypertension and bradycardia
- epiglottitis
- h.flu
- B-ALL
- closely related to burkitt's lymphoma
- esophageal carcinoma
- achalasia
- inhibits serotonin, NE, and dopamine reuptake
- venalfaxine
- connects cell to underlying extracellular matrix
- hemidesmosome
- unstable angina
- coronary thrombosis
- drug causes of nephrogenic DI
- hypercalcemia, lithium, demeclocycline
- flask-shaped ulcers
- entamoeba histolytica
- reid index > 50%
- COPD
- large granules, bilobate nucleus
- eosinophil
- thorium dioxide, arsenic
- hemangiosarcoma
- drug cause of SIADH
- cyclophosphamide
- nephrotoxic, give with mannitol diuresis
- cyclosporine
- GLC-6-phosphatase deficiency
- von gierke's disease
- treatment of VIPoma and carcinoid tumors
- somatostatin
- haploid N
- spermatid
- fetal renal damage
- captopril, losartan
- activated histiocytes in the heart
- anitschkow's cells - RHD
- high calcium, low phosphorus, high alk phos
- osteitis fibrosa cystica
- high cortisol after high dose dex
- cortisol tumor
- sodium and water retention with hypokalemic alkalosis
- conn's syndrome
- cause of hirschsprung's disease
- failure of neural crest cell migration
- converts 12 to 12a
- HMWK, collagen, basement membrane, platelets
- thyroidization of the kidney
- chronic pyelo (eosinic proteinaceous casts)
- action of HDL
- removes cholesterol from tissues and plaques
- both sides of the diaphragm
- AA stage III, IIIe, IIIs (spleen involved), or IIIes
- painkiller that is sulfa drug
- celecoxib
- apple core
- colorectal cancer
- K cells of the duodenum and jejunum
- GIP
- associated with temporal arteritis
- polymyalgia rheumatica
- neoplastic plasma cells secreting osteoclast activating factor
- multiple myeloma
- girl with hand-wringing
- rett disorder
- affected in BPH
- lateral and middle lobes
- source of PTH
- chief cells of the parathyroid
- inulin
- measures extracellular volume and GFR
- increased serum mitochondrial antibodies
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- nonbudding spherule filled with endospores
- coccidioides
- direct inguinal hernia
- through abdominal wall
- asterixis, basal ganglia degeneration, choreiform movements, dementia
- wilson's disease
- lung tumor at the apex affecting cervical sympathetic plexus
- pancoast's tumor
- drug that decreases afterload
- hydralazine
- effacement of lymph node architecture
- SLL
- deficient in homocysteinuria
- cystathionine synthase
- cerebriform nuclei
- mycosis fungoides, sezary syndrome
- nodular accumulations of mesangial matrix material in diabetic nephropathy
- kimmelstiel-wilson nodules
- improves only tremor and rigidity in parkinsons
- antimuscarinics (benztropine)
- hepatitis B, syphilis, malaria, cancer, gold salts, penicillamine
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- must be present with TGV for survival
- PDA
- brain maturation, bone growth, beta adrenergic, BMR
- T3
- U waves, flat T waves
- hypokalemia
- hodgkin's lymphoma associated with
- EBV
- anticentromere antibody
- CREST
- acute gastric ulcer in association with brain injury
- cushing ulcer
- phospholipase A, colipase
- fat digestion
- cardio defects, microcephaly, deafness, cataracts, growth retardation
- congenital rubella syndrome
- outer muscularis externa
- longitudinal
- osteoid osteoma of the vertebral column
- osteoblastoma
- uses of beta interferon
- MS
- life-threatening cardiovascular collapse
- barbiturate withdrawal
- bcl-2 activation
- 14;18
- increases sodium reabsorption from the proximal tubule
- angiotensin II
- responds to increases and decreases in BP
- carotid sinus
- give this diuretic in renal failure
- furosemide
- decreased GP 2b3a, defect of platelet aggreGation
- Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
- AV septal and AV valvular problems
- down syndrome
- treatment of wegener's and polyarteritis nodosa
- cyclophosphamide and prednisone
- (0.7 Vd)/CL
- half life
- ligamentum teres
- falciform ligament
- both a cause and effect of renal failure
- nephrocalcinosis
- paradoxical splitting
- aortic stenosis
- autoantibodies to ribonucleoprotein antigens, SS-A(Ro), SS-B(La)
- sjogren's syndrome
- bcr
- chromosome 22
- tender hepatomegaly, ascites, polycythemia, hypoglycemia
- HCC
- causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase
- theophylline
- autoimmune, linear IgG against epidermal BM hemidesmosomes. no oral involvement.
- bullous pemphigoid
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia, PDA, intraventricular brain hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis
- associated complications of neonatal RDS
- cancer, mesothelioma, bronchiectasis, cirrhosis
- clubbing
- benign recurrent tumor of the parotid gland, most common salivary tumor
- pleomorphic adenoma
- express MHC II and Fc
- dendritic cells/langerhans cells of the skin
- internal thoracic artery communication
- superior epigastric (which communications with inferior epigastric)
- ERPF underestimates true RPF by
- 10%
- binds receptors on principle cells of the collecting tubule
- ADH
- QT interval
- mechanical contraction of the ventricles
- STE in all leads
- hemorrhagic pericarditis
- low cortisol after high dose dex
- ACTH tumor
- give to pregnant women with seizures
- phenobarbital
- common subunit to TSH, LH, FSH, hCG
- alpha subunit
- diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest
- magnesium hydroxide
- T wave
- ventricular repolarization
- linear pattern on IF
- goodpasture's
- chromophobic staining
- prolactinoma (most common pituitary tumor)
- splinter hemorrhages on nail bed
- bacterial endocarditis
- treats trigeminal neuralgia
- carbamazepine
- aggregation of alpha chains leading to decreased lifespan of RBC
- beta thal major
- urease positive bugs (proteus, staph, klebsiella)
- staghorn calculi
- wide S2 splitting
- pulmonic stenosis
- high cAMP in urine
- hyperparathyroidism
- keratin and desmoplakin
- macula adherens (desmosome)
- low leukocyte alk phos with lots of PMNs
- CML
- tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads
- osler's nodes - bacterial endocarditis
- water secretion, relaxation of smooth muscle and sphincters
- VIP
- increased by acid, decreased by vagus
- somatostatin
- selegiline
- MAO-B inhibitor
- friction rub 3-5 days post MI
- fibrinous pericarditis
- sensitive indicator of alcohol use
- y-glutamyltransferase
- recombinant TNF receptor binds TNF-a
- etanercept
- methicillin, NSAIDs, diuretics
- acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
- covalently crosslink DNA at guanine N-7
- cyclophosphamide
- S-I-t-S
- supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
- absent UDP-glucuronyl transferase
- crigler-najjar
- SLE, CLL, alpha methyldopa
- warm hemolytic anemia
- CADET face right
- CO2, Acid/Altitude, DPG, Exercise, Temperature
- bouchard and heberden nodes
- OA
- lemon yellow skin
- pernicious anemia
- floor of the mouth
- oral cancers
- Ge junction normal, cardia moves into thorax
- paraesophageal hernia
- varying RBC shapes
- poikilocytosis
- pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments in their cytoplasm (lung)
- large cells carcinoma
- peaked T waves
- hyperkalemia
- mets from the stomach
- virchow's node
- increases synthesis of UDP-glucuronyl transferase
- phenobarbital
- most serous salivary gland
- parotid
- shorten in muscle contraction
- H and I bands.
- heterocyclic antidepressant with priapism
- trazodone
- atypical reactive CD8+ T lymphocytes
- infectious mono
- CD5, CD19, CD20
- CLL
- bilateral malignant epithelial ovarian tumor
- serous cystadenocarcinoma
- beaded appearance on angiography
- fibromuscular dysplasia
- first to be blocked in nerve blockade
- small and myelinated (small predominates)
- most common lymphoma in adults
- follicular (small cleaved cell)
- autoimmune, severe obstructive jaundice, steatorrhea, pruritis, xanthomas
- primary biliary cirrhosis
- acts like cyclosporine, binds FK506
- tacrolimus
- external intercostals, scalenes, sternocostals
- active inspiration
- active absorption of bile salts
- terminal ileum
- proximal colon always involved in this CRC
- HNPCC
- 11-b-hydroxylase deficiency
- shunting toward androgens, but also hypertension from 11-deoxycorticosterone
- clearance of PAH
- ERPF
- A-nemia (pernicious) and A-chlorhydria
- B-ody
- acrosome derivation
- golgi
- hemoglobin E
- like hemoglobin C, but for southeast asia
- toxicity increases with allopurinol
- 6-MP
- infant withdrawn after continued separation from caregiver
- anaclitic depression
- increased total PSA, decreased free PSA
- prostate cancer
- bowel incarceration in a woman
- femoral hernia
- ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
- blow from the lateral side
- comes from the myeloid stem cell
- myeloblast (BEN), monoblast, megakaryoblast
- which carcinoid never metastasizes
- appendix
- beat to beat alterations in QRS height
- electrical alternans
- increase in mesangial matrix
- diabetic nephropathy
- e-cadherin and actin filaments
- zona adherens (intermediate junction)
- CD10 or CALLA
- type of ALL most amenable to therapy
- cardiac AP phase 4
- resting potential, high K permeability through K channels
- distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
- superior mesenteric artery
- amylin
- amyloid deposits of type 2 diabetics
- recurrent peptic ulcer or peptic ulcer in aberrant sites
- zollinger-ellison syndrome
- functional thyroid tissue in ovary
- struma ovarii
- diploid 2N
- spermatogonium
- 11;14
- mantle cell lymphoma
- most common benign bone tumor
- osteochondroma
- PTH at the kidney
- secrete PO4 at the PCT, reabsorb Ca at the DCT
- what allows the RBC to transport CO2 back to the lungs
- chloride-bicarbonate antiport, aka "physiologic chloride shift"
- have GLUT-1 and don't need insulin to take up glucose
- brain, RBC
- hypertrophy of brunner's glands
- peptic ulcer disease
- intraluminal mass
- intussusception
- unable to locate one's own body parts
- autotopagnosia
- G cells of the antrum
- gastrin
- cavernous lymphangioma, as seen in webbed neck of turners
- cystic hygroma
- increase in hemoglobin A2
- beta thal minor
- first line treatment of status epilepticus
- diazepam or lorazepam
- increased CK, increased aldolase, positive ANA, anti-Jo-1
- poly/dermato myositis
- round white spots on the retina surrounded by hemmorhage
- roth's spots - bacterial endocarditis
- supine
- increased venous return
- cluster B personality disorders
- wild
- criss cross fibrillary pattern
- amyloid
- high altitudes
- increased ventilation, mitochondria, hematocrit, DPG, bicarb excretion, pulmonary vasoconstriction, RVH
- toxic effect of bone marrow suppression is increased by allopurinol
- azathioprine
- treats crohn's and RA
- infliximab (ab to TNF-a)
- ASD plus mitral stenosis (often RF origin)
- lutembacher syndrome
- cluster A personality disorders
- odd or eccentric
- RCC, HCC, cerebellar hemangioma
- increased EPO
- lacks all 4 alpha globin genes
- Hb Barts -> hydrops fetalis and intrauterine death
- AB
- senile amyloidosis or alzheimer's (cleaved APP)
- cardiac muscle action potential plateau
- Ca influx
- blunted calyx with eosinophilic casts
- chronic pyelo
- cardiac AP phase 0
- Na channels open
- subendothelial humps
- membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- autoimmune fibrinous pericarditis several weeks post MI
- dressler's syndrome
- secondary gain
- reward, sympathy, attention bc of symptoms
- vegetations on both sides of the valve (libman-sacks)
- SLE
- most mucinous salivary gland
- sublingual
- middle colic artery communication
- left colic artery
- small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions
- call exner bodies
- activates bradykinin
- kallikrein
- interstitial pneumonia
- RSV, adenoviruses, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
- least sedating of the TCAs
- desipramine
- low platelets, increased bleeding time, increased PTT and PT
- DIC
- demyelination of the posterior and lateral columns
- B12 deficiency
- dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- pulmonary surfactant
- jewish and african american, cigarette smoking
- pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- inhibits T cell proliferation by binding mTOR
- sirolimus
- virchow's triad
- stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
- cecum and ascending colon
- angiodysplasia -> bleeding
- piZ
- a1-antitrypsin accumulates in the liver, leading to liver damage
- hematogenous spread, AFP+
- HCC
- increased ESR, pain and stiffness in the shoulders and hips, fever, malaise, wt loss
- polymyalgia rheumatica
- loud S4, apical impulses, systolic murmur
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- mild conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion
- rotor's syndrome
- hyperviscosity syndrome
- waldenstrom's, due to the IgM
- how multiple drug resistance is passed along
- transposons
- cleaves pepsinogen to pepsin
- H+
- leukemia with warm antibody hemolysis
- CLL
- treat this AR disease with penicillamine
- wilson's disease
- androgen insensitivity syndrome
- testicular feminization
- target cells: HALT
- HbC disease, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia
- contains the uterine vessels
- transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament
- most frequent valvular lesion
- mitral prolapse
- HVA in urine
- neuroblastoma
- CNS and testes
- spread of ALL
- rouleaux formation
- multiple myeloma
- red velvety plaques on the glans
- erythroplasia of queyrat
- bite cells in africans or mediterraneans
- G6PD deficiency
- treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- beta blocker
- noncaseating granulomas and elevated ACE
- sarcoidosis
- maintains dental health
- bicarbonate
- firstborn male with an olive mass in epigastrium
- congenital pyloric stenosis
- late cyanosis
- left to right shunt
- gallstones, alcoholics, trauma, steroids, mumps, autoimmune, scorpions, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, sulfa drugs
- acute pancreatitis
- incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts
- bicornuate uterus
- GLUT-5
- fructose
- micronodular cirrhosis, pancreatic fibrosis, skin pigmentation
- hemochromatosis
- woman with collagen banding and lacunar cells
- nodular sclerosing hodgkin's lymphoma
- inflammation and sclerosis of bile ducts, intra and extrahepatic
- PSC
- why no MAOI with SSRI or beta agonists?
- serotonin syndrome
- inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase
- chloramphenicol
- 1,25OH vit D at the kidney
- reabsorb PO4 and Ca
- horseshoe kidney gets trapped under what
- IMA
- clara cells
- type II pneumocytes
- determines the heart rate
- slope of phase 4 in the SA node
- enamel tumor of the mandible
- ameloblastoma
- WBC casts
- pyelo, tubulointerstitial disease, glomerular disorders
- pyoderma gangrenosum, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- UC
- cor pulmonale
- emphysema
- more reactive lymphocytes, less RS cells
- better prognosis in hodgkin lymphoma
- TCA for an old person
- nortriptyline
- most common trisomy in aborted fetuses
- 16
- aggressively malignant teratoma
- immature teratoma
- majority of salivary gland tumors
- parotid gland
- kevin klein
- schizotypal
- the only time you have to fully unfold a protein to transport it across a membrane
- bringing mitochondrial proteins into the mitochondria
- periaortic lymph nodes
- common site for lymphoma
- water under the bridge
- ureters under ductus deferens and uterine artery
- sydenham chorea
- rheumatic fever
- herpes encephalitis
- frontal and temporal lobes
- upper ASD
- sinus venosus
- age-related increase in estradiol may lead to
- BPH
- cancer in sjogren's syndrome
- malignant lymphoma
- area where crescents form
- between bowman's capsule and the glomerular tuft
- decreased DTRs
- low magnesium
- decreases thrombin and Xa
- heparin
- smooth base with punched out margins
- ulcer
- decreased CO following MI
- possible aneurysm
- total small bowel
- tropical sprue
- prevent NSAID peptic ulcers, maintain PDA, induce labor
- misoprostol (PGE1)
- bronchopulmonary segment
- segmental bronchus, bronchial artery, pulmonary artery, with veins and lymphatics at the borders
- severe stenosis, toxic megacolon, colorectal carcinoma
- UC
- 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
- zileutin
- waxy casts
- chronic renal failure
- M3 receptors on parietal cells
- H+ secretion
- chronic sustained autosomal recessive hemolytic anemia
- pyruvate kinase deficiency
- diabetes, acute pyelo, acetaminophen, sickle cell anemia
- renal papillary necrosis
- passive uptake of unconjugated bile acids
- colon
- anastomosis causing external hemorrhoids
- superior rectal with inferior rectal
- highest blood flow per gram of tissue
- kidney
- uses of gamma interferon
- chronic granulomatous disease
- firm, woody thyroid
- riedel's thyroiditis
- most common site of diverticular disease
- sigmoid colon
- spike and dome
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- heart problem in fragile X
- mitral prolapse
- eczematoid lesion, CD4+, with pautrier microabscesses
- mycosis fungoides
- SPHERE of complications from lung cancer
- SVC syndrome, Pancoast's Tumor, Horner's, Endocrine, Recurrent laryngeal, Effusions
- increased MCHC and increased RDW
- hereditary spherocytosis
- cluster C personality disorders
- worried
- large cells with a clear halo (breast)
- paget cells
- call exner bodies
- granulosa cell tumor
- lymph node follicles, spleen white pulp, unencapsulated lymphoid tissue
- B lymphocytes
- monoclonal antibody that binds 2b/3a on platelets
- abciximab
- the only factor not included in the PTT
- VII
- occlusion of ophthalmic artery
- temporal arteritis
- megacolon due to lack of enteric nervous plexus
- hirschsprung's disease
- single lymph node region or single extralymphatic organ or site involved
- AA stage I or Ie
- invasion of RCC
- renal veins or IVC
- upper third of the esophagus
- squamous cancer
- runs behind the body of the stomach
- splenic artery
- plasmacytoid lymphocytes (midway between B cells and plasma cells)
- waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
- negative charge barrier for glomerular filtration
- heparan sulfate
- punctate surface hemorrhage, enlarged swollen glomeruli, normal basement membrane
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- cystic dilatation of the vitelline duct
- omphalomesenteric cyst
- side of the heart for endocarditis of carcinoid syndrome
- right side (serotonin etc are detox'd in the lung)
- protein sample is subjected to electrophoresis, transferred to a filter, and exposed to radiolabeled DNA
- southwestern blotting
- treatment for raynaud's
- nifedipine
- high urine sodium
- postrenal azotemia
- type of cell spared in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis
- megakaryocyte
- act at M phase
- vinca alkaloids and taxols
- substituting valine for glutamic acid in the beta chain
- HbS mutation in sickle cell anemia
- AA
- secondary amyloidosis
- 2 or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm, alone or with extralymphatic organ or site involvement
- AA stage II or IIe
- effect of lactic acidosis
- anion gap acidosis
- jaundice, fever, RUQ pain
- cholangitis
- decreased marrow space, normal calcium, phosphate, alk phos
- osteopetrosis
- mesangial IgA deposits
- berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
- polygonal clear cells
- RCC
- ringlike calcifications in the media of medium sized arteries
- monckeberg arteriosclerosis
- sponge kidney
- multiple small medullary cysts, no renal failure
- which valve closes first to cause S2 splitting
- aortic
- test for acromegaly
- oral glucose tolerance test
- hepatic artery, portal vein, common bile duct
- portal triad
- water soluble and conjugated to glucuronic acid
- direct bilirubin
- produces histaminase and arylsulfatase
- eosinophil
- uses of recombinant IL-11, thrombopoietin
- thrombocytopenia
- toxic to proliferating lymphocytes, interferes with metab and synth of nucleic acids
- azathioprine
- polycystic liver disease, berry aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse
- polycystic kindey disease
- hypertension in PKD
- your kidneys are huge!
- fatty liver, hypoglycemia, coma in a child with VZV or influenza B
- reye's syndrome
- RPGN type III
- ANCA-positive pauci immune
- increased susceptibility to TB
- silicosis
- Na sensor in the DCT
- macula densa
- rectum always involved in this CRC
- FAP
- block leukotriene receptors
- monteleukast
- stimulate H+ release from parietal cell
- histamine, ach, gastrin, PGI2, PGE2
- found in the femoral sheath
- femoral vein, femoral artery, deep inguinal lymph nodes in the femoral canal
- curshmann's spirals
- asthma
- stimulates 1-a-hydroxylase in the kidney
- PTH
- prealbumin/transthyretin
- neuropathic or cardio problems
- FAB: AML, APML, CML with neutrophils and basophils only
- M2, M3
- covered only by transversalis fascia
- direct inguinal hernia
- breast cancer that is often bilateral
- invasive lobular carcinoma
- blood group O
- peptic ulcers
- endothelial cells of the peritubular capillaries
- EPO
- located immediately above the UES
- zenker's diverticulum
- glossopharyngeal nerve to the medulla
- carotid sinus
- raynaud syndrome assoc with
- SLE, scleroderma
- IgA deposits at the tips of dermal papillae, assoc with celiac disease
- dermatitis herpetiformis
- biventricular heart failure w/ no underlying disease
- myocarditis
- FAB: ALL with T cells and B cells
- L1
- Na-dependent SGLT1
- glucose and galactose
- cause of osteitis fibrosa cystica
- hyperparathyroidism
- defends against helminths and protozoans
- eosinophil major basic protein
- treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia
- macrolides
- hypnopompic hallucination
- occurs on waking
- yeast with multiple budding
- paracoccidiodies
- 69 chromosomes, may have fetal parts in it
- partial mole
- megaloblastic anemia from a drug
- phenytoin or OCPs
- effect of paraldehyde/phenformin
- anion gap acidosis
- turner syndrome
- coarctation of the aorta
- extreme enlargement of gastric rugae with possible protein loss
- menetrier disease
- lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio >2
- fetal lung maturity
- frosted glass cytoplasm
- monocyte
- treatment for the DTs
- benzodiazepines
- leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders
- uric acid stones
- ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
- meigs' syndrome
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- immune complex disease, antigen is strep
- increases bicarb in the stomach and duodenum
- secretin
- outside the extraperitoneal tissue
- transversalis fascia
- PCWP measures
- left atrial pressure
- vasospasm, white-blue-red
- raynaud disease
- atheromas
- intima
- AA amyloid
- chronic active disease
- painful malignant tumor of the testis
- embryonal carcinoma
- islets arise from
- pancreatic buds
- japanese, finlanders, icelanders who are men over 50 and blood group A
- gastric carcinoma
- nephronophthisis
- cysts in the medulla
- benign ovarian tumor resembling bladder epithelium
- brenner tumor
- locally aggressive and benign, often at the epiphyseal end of long bones
- giant cell tumor
- glucose, galactose, fructose
- monosaccharides
- tree bark
- syphilitic aortitis
- antiDNase B, anticationic proteinase
- recent strep infection
- hyper GLUC
- thiazides: glucose, lipids, uric acid, calcium all retained
- contains the ovarian vessels
- suspensory ligament of ovaries
- malignancies in other sites
- peutz-jeghers
- adducts and medially rotates
- subscapularis
- using RNA, expose it to a DNA probe to see if the combo can be seen on a filter. looking for relation between RNA and a protein.
- northern blotting
- a single outlet from the two ventricles
- truncus arteriosus
- duodenal brush border
- enterokinase
- severe conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion
- dubin-johnson syndrome
- you make lots of renin but no EPO
- PKD
- bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
- sarcoidosis
- stimulates vitamin D production in the kidney
- low calcium, low phosphate, high PTH
- failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
- TGV
- hemangioblastoma in the head, adenomas and cysts in the belly, and renal cell carcinoma
- von hippel lindau
- enzyme measured for obstructive liver disease
- alkaline phosphatase
- infantile PKD
- autosomal RECESSIVE
- respond only to CO2 and pH
- central chemoreceptors
- factor 1a
- fibrin
- pulsus parvus et tardus
- aortic stenosis
- not matching Rh antigens results in the production of what
- IgG
- heparin, histamine, vasoactive amines, leukotrienes
- basophil granules
- codman's triangle
- elevation of periosteum on x-ray, means osteosarcoma
- PSaMMoma
- papillary thyroid cancer, serous papillary cystadenoma of the ovary, meningioma, mesothelioma
- men and postmenopausal women
- atherosclerosis
- decreased thymidine synthesis
- methotrexate and 5-FU
- helps deltoid abduct
- supraspinatus
- give to treat bedwetting
- imipramine
- risk of T cell lymphoma
- celiac sprue
- increased 5-HIAA in urine
- carcinoid syndrome
- signet ring cells (mucus) with bilateral mets to the ovaries
- krukenberg tumor
- AST/ALT>1.5
- alcoholic hepatitis
- midsystolic click, late systolic murmur
- mitral prolapse
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- EBV
- contains p450, affected by ischemia and alcoholic hepatitis
- pericentral vein zone (III)
- T1-T3, facial, glossopharyngeal
- salivary secretion
- elevated ESR, pulseless disease
- takayasu's arteritis
- GI protein loss, leading to generalized edema
- intestinal lymphangiectasia
- cystic medial necrosis
- aortic root aneurysm
- treatment of eclampsia
- IV magnesium sulfate and diazepam
- 17-hydroxylase deficiency, 11-hydroxylase deficiency
- increased mineralocorticoids
- bone lesions due to renal disease-induced hyperparathyroidism
- renal osteodystrophy
- decreased haptoglobin and increased LDH
- RBC hemolysis
- deletion of WT-2 on maternal chromosome causing hemihypertrophy, macroglossia, organomegaly, neonatal hypoglycemia, embryonal tumors
- beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
- young jewish man who smokes and has gangrene of his fingers
- buerger disease
- modified smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole
- JG cells
- found in the lamina propria and submucosa of the small intestine, contain M cells to take up antigen
- peyer's patches
- medication to increase HbF
- hydroxyurea
- increased LFTs, myositis
- statins and fibrates
- FAB: AML, CML, polycythemia, myelofibrosis
- M1
- peroxidase positive cytoplasmic inclusions
- auer rods
- abolishes MstII site
- hemoglobin S mutation
- large azurophilic granules
- lysosomes
- associated with dermatitis herpetiformis
- celiac sprue
- teardrop cell
- myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
- part of the greater omentum, contains gastroepiploic arteries
- gastrocolic ligament
- dense core bodies in the appendix
- carcinoid
- parotitis, electrolyte disturbances, alkalosis
- bulimia
- increased basophils, nucleated red cells, uric acid, splenomegaly
- myeloproliferative diseases
- excess fat breakdown due to increased stress
- DKA
- ventricular tachycardia with shifting waveforms on the EKG
- torsades
- cause of osteopetrosis
- abnormal osteoclast function
- patient with endemic goiter moves to iodine replete area
- jod-basedow phenomenon - toxic multinodular goiter
- outside the peritoneum
- extraperitoneal tissue
- peripherally located lung cancers
- adenocarcinoma, large cell
- lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria
- celiac disease
- neutrophils, coagulation cascade, oxygen free radical damage
- ARDS
- converts aniotensinogen to angiotensin I
- renin
- decreased renal creatinine due to drugs
- cimetidine and ranitidine
- charcot leyden crystals
- bronchial asthma
- lost in nephrotic syndrome
- heparan sulfate charge barrier
- lactate, adenosine, K
- autoregulators of skeletal muscle
- sheets of uniform cells, increased hCG, malignant (woman)
- dysgerminoma
- confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
- wernicke's encephalopathy
- do not take with MAOI
- tyramine, meperidine
- haploid 2N
- secondary spermatocyte
- metabolite depletes glutathione in the liver
- acetaminophen
- B cell lymphoma of indolent course in old people
- SLL
- diastolic regurgitation murmurs
- left sternal border
- HLA A3
- hemochromatosis
- paraseptal emphysema
- bullae, can rupture to cause pneumothorax
- elevated ESR, jaw pain, tender thyroid following flulike illness
- subacute thyroiditis
- most common cause of secondary hypertension
- renal disease
- adults, B cells, t(11;14), CD5
- mantle cell lymphoma
- place where RCC originates
- renal tubules of the upper pole
- brown tumors
- osteitis fibrosa cystica
- hypercalcemia
- HCTZ
- 10^5 organisms per mL
- bacteriuria
- dyslipidemia
- metoprolol
- bulges medial to inferior epigastric vessels into hesselbach's triangle
- direct inguinal hernia
- cardiac failure due to secondary hemochromatosis, skeletal deformities
- beta thal major
- offspring of a diabetic mother
- TGV
- flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, salivation
- carcinoid syndrome
- rule of 10%
- pheochromocytoma
- stomach to proximal duodenum; liver, gallbladder, pancreas
- celiac artery
- P-ANCA
- polyarteritis nodosa
- 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, alpha interferon, deoxyformycin
- hairy cell leukemia
- meansures the intrinsic pathway
- PTT
- inhibits GnRH synthesis and therefore ovulation
- prolactin
- lateral invasion of cervical cancer
- renal failure due to involvement of ureters
- lots of B cells that dont produce antibody
- CLL
- high urine urobilinogen
- hemolytic jaundice
- lead, cadmium, other toxins
- toxic hypertension
- albright's syndrome is a form of
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- alkylates DNA, used in CML, causes pumonary fibrosis and hyperpigmentation
- busulfan
- how long for acute tubular necrosis to reverse
- 2 wks
- 2 inches long, 2 feet from ileocecal valve, 2% of the population, age<2, 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic)
- meckel's diverticulum
- flat pigmented squamous lesion with kertain-filled cysts
- seborrheic keratosis
- risk when youre on infliximab
- reactivation of latent TB
- increase pancreatic bicarb secretion, decrease gastric acid secretion
- secretin
- contains the round ligaments, and the cardinal ligament
- broad ligament
- rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, transversus abdominis, internal intercostals
- active expiration
- neoplasm of neuroendocrine kulchitsky cells
- small cell carcinoma
- machine murmer loudest at S2
- PDA
- crescent moon
- rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
- especially dilated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- septum
- sensitive to liver toxins
- periportal zone (I)
- holosystolic murmur
- VSD
- small erythematous lesions on palm or sole
- janeway lesions - bacterial endocarditis
- outside the transversalis fascia
- transversalis abdominus
- spares the gastric mucosa
- celecoxib
- most common testicular cancer in older men
- testicular lymphoma
- blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
- zileutin
- catalyzes 10 to 10a
- 9a, 8a, or 7a + tissue factor
- hyperkalemia with depleted intracellular K
- DKA
- cardiotoxic local anesthetic
- bupivacaine
- central 5-HT3 antagonist, antiemetic
- ondansetron
- decreased cAMP, decreased Ca currents, decreased slope of phase 4
- beta blockers
- somatomedin C
- aka IGF-1, produced in the liver
- delayed separation of the umbilical cord and cord infections
- LAD-1
- prostaglandin function
- vasodilation
- epistaxis and GI bleeding
- osler-weber-rendu
- follicular growth fastest
- 2nd wk of proliferative phase
- most frequent spot of occurrence for carcinoid
- appendix
- measuring effective renal plasma flow
- PAH, which is freely filtered and actively secreted in the proximal tubule
- LMWH
- more effect on Xa, last longer
- treatment of minimal change disease
- steroids
- variant of reed sternberg cells
- lacunar cells in nodular sclerosing
- high pitched holosystolic blowing murmur at the apex
- mitral regurgitation
- punched out esophageal ulcers with cytoplasmic inclusions
- herpes simplex (most common cause of infective esophagitis)
- tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia
- hyperhydramnios
- high altitude
- PDA
- dense fibrosis of the thyroid that can spread outwards
- riedel's thyroiditis
- stimulates both osteoclasts (indirectly) and osteoblasts (directly)
- PTH
- painless bleeding in any trimester
- placenta previa
- increase gastric H+ secretion, increase growth of gastric mucosa, increase gastric motility
- gastrin
- ideal LDL:HDL ratio
- 4:1
- where WON'T a carcinoid tumor cause carcinoid syndrome
- GI tract - metabolism in the liver
- binds cyclophilins on T cells, inhibits calcineurin, prevents IL-2 production
- cyclosporine
- 17-a-hydroxylase deficiency
- shunting toward aldosterone
- decreased serum C3
- immune complex deposition in the kidney
- effect of ethylene glycol
- anion gap acidosis
- uremia, dressler's syndrome, RF
- fibrinous pericarditis
- cyclophosphamide
- transitional cell carcinoma
- treatment of DKA
- insulin, glucose, K, fluids
- continuous lesions, always rectal involvement
- UC
- treats crohn's and UC, causes oligospermia
- sulfasalazine
- lower third of the esophagus
- adenocarcinoma
- ensures that testosterone in seminiferous tubule is high
- ABP
- effect of INH/iron tablets
- anion gap acidosis
- inactivates thrombin, 9a, 10a, 11a
- AT3
- occur where vasa rectae perforate the muscularis externa
- false diverticula (mucosa and submucosa only)
- combination of nephrotic and nephritic syndromes
- SLE nephropathy
- increased permeability of the alveolar capillary wall
- ARDS
- cell bodies of parasympathetic terminal effector neurons
- meissner's (submucosal) plexus
- increased risk of encapsulated organism infection, salmonella osteomyelitis
- sickle cell anemia
- C-ANCA
- wegener's granulomatosis
- increased risk of HCC with this type of cirrhosis
- macronodular
- uses of recombinant IL-2
- renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma
- antimicrosomal antibodies, antithyroglobulin antibodies, hurthle cells
- hashimoto's thyroiditis
- common problem found with all antacid overuse
- hypokalemia
- blocks a2 receptor to treat depression with insomnia
- mirtazapine
- non-hodgkin's lymphoma associated with
- HIV and immunosuppression
- elevated amylase and LIPASE
- acute pancreatitis
- tram track
- membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- FAB: leukemia with only B cells
- L3
- antrum
- gastrin
- lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine
- mood stabilizers
- noncaseating granulomas and lymphoid aggregates
- crohn's
- decreased EPO
- polycythemia vera
- HPV in kids (URI)
- laryngeal papilloma
- uterine ligament with no important structures
- round ligament
- mitral more than aortic more than tricuspid
- rheumatic heart disease
- chronic calcifying pancreatitis
- alcoholism
- adversely affects pulmonary, hepatic, thyroid function
- amiodarone
- multiple disseminated foci of involvement of one or more extralymphatic organs
- AA stage IV
- solid balls of neoplastic follicular cells
- papillary thyroid cancer
- pacemaker phase 0
- Ca channels open (there are no Na channels)
- nephritis, deafness, ocular problems
- alport syndrome
- NAACP: eosinophilia
- neoplasm, asthma, allergy, collagen vascular diseases, parasites
- PTSD lasting only 2-4 weeks
- acute stress disorder
- inhibited by somatostatin from the hypothalamus
- GH, TSH from the pituitary
- massive proteinuria, by definition
- >4g protein per day in the urine
- tail of the pancreas
- delta cells
- beta lipoprotein deficiency (hereditary deficiency of apoprotein B)
- acanthocytes (spiny RBCs)
- nonselective, irreversible alpha blocker used for pheochromocytomas
- phenoxybenzamine
- GE junction displaced
- hiatal hernia
- inferior epigastric artery, lateral border of rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament
- hesselbach's triangle
- achlorhydria and chronic gastritis
- risk factors for stomach cancer
- hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin
- ulcers of the esophagus and duodenum, but not stomach
- crescendo decrescendo, radiates to carotids, ejection click
- aortic stenosis
- 7 wks post MI, contracted scar complete
- risk for ventricular aneurysm
- pruritis, fever, diaphoresis, leukocytosis
- hodgkin lymphoma
- salivary glands of sjogren, thyroid in hashimoto's, stomach in helicobacter gastritis
- MALT B cell lymphoma
- to look for anti-RBC surface Ig
- indirect coombs test
- HLA-D8, HLA-DW3
- celiac sprue
- aortic rupture
- cardiac tamponade
- monday disease - hypotension, dizziness, headache
- nitroglycerin
- WT-1 and WT-2
- tumor suppressor genes on 11p
- hodgkin's in a young male
- lymphocyte predominant
- contraindicated in morphine OD
- O2 (resp failure may result)
- factor 2a
- thrombin
- piZZ
- panacinar emphysema and hepatic cirrhosis
- increased LH in a woman
- PCOS
- low salivary flow
- hypotonic
- allergic dermatitis
- type IV hypersensitivity
- decreased GP Ib, defect of platelet adhesion
- bernard-soulier
- inactivate 5a and 8a
- protein C and protein S
- generates plasmin to cleave fibrin
- tPA
- rectal sparing, maybe post-infectious
- crohn's
- a left to right shunt will eventually lead to
- pulmonary hypertension
- multiple small parietal lobe abscesses
- infective endocarditis emboli
- sclerosis around the central vein
- alcoholic hepatitis
- toxicity of trastazumab
- cardiotoxic
- p210
- coded for by bcr-abl, has tyrosine kinase activity
- pellagra due to impaired tubular reabsorption of tryptophan
- hartnup disease
- vagus nerve to the medulla
- aortic arch baroreceptor
- splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction
- ischemia
- cardiac AP phase 3
- rapid repolarization, Ca channels close and K slow channels lead to massive efflux
- cardiac AP phase 2
- plateau, Ca influx matches K efflux
- nephrotoxic, peripheral neuropathy, htn, pleural effusion, hyperglycemia
- tacrolimus
- commonly seen with prolactinomas
- amenorrhea
- angiomyolipoma of the kidney
- tuberous sclerosis
- necrotizing glomerulonephritis, respiratory tract signs, paranasal sinus signs
- wegener's granulomatosis
- occlusion of brachial artery leads to spasm
- trousseau's sign - hypocalcemia
- ureases and proteases, then damage by normal levels of H+, or maybe bile induced.
- gastric peptic ulcer
- bilateral benign epithelial ovarian tumor
- serous cystadenoma
- sheets of cells in amyloid stroma
- medullary carcinoma of the thyroid - ret
- converts trypsinogen to trypsin
- enterokinase
- californians like girls in string bikinis
- corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basalis
- decreased purine synthesis
- 6-MP
- late renal failure
- inability to dilute urine
- CLL-T
- sezary syndrome
- poison ivy
- type IV hypersensitivity
- measures the extrinsic pathway
- PT
- lymphoid polyp
- irritation of the rectal mucosa
- decrease gastric H+ secretion, increase insulin release
- GIP
- anti-TNF antibody
- infliximab
- RCC most often presents with
- hematuria
- transport of monosaccharide to blood
- GLUT-2
- superior rectal artery communication
- middle rectal artery
- panacinar emphysema
- a1-antitrypsin deficiency
- centrally located lung cancers
- squamous cell, small cell
- colon polyps (never cancer), hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitals
- peutz-jeghers syndrome
- young child, URI, hemorrhagic urticaria of extensor surfaces
- henoch schoenlein purpura
- asbestosis
- lower lobes
- place to biopsy for trichinosis
- muscle biopsy after eating sausage
- myosin head
- ATP binds
- activated cyclin D1 gene (bcl-1), resembles SLL in many ways
- mantle cell lymphoma
- boot shaped heart
- TOF
- contains gastric arteries, may be cut during surgery to access lesser sac
- gastrohepatic ligament
- transitional cell carcinoma: P SACS
- phenacetin, smoking, aniline dyes, cyclophosphamide, schistosomiasis
- alcohol, beriberi, chagas, coxsackie B, cocaine, doxorubicin
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- SLE, RA, infection, uremia
- serous pericarditis
- cause of renal vein thrombosis
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- heart problem with ankylosing spondylitis
- aortic regurgitation
- centriacinar emphysema
- smoking
- rapid ascent to high altitude
- pulmonary edema