PEDS final Neuro
Terms
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- compression fractures of vertebre with falls
- Because children have incomplete ossification of vertibral bodies, they are more prone to
- bilateral fixed and dilated pupils
- pupil change in ICP that indicates brainstem herniation from incrased intracranial pressure
- tension
- dull achy band around the head, intermittant, no vomiting, may last for days, not aggravated by physical activity
- Noncommunicating hyrocephalus
- blockage of CSF in VENTRICULAR SYSTEM prevents the CHF from entering arachnoid space
- delirium
- characterized by confusion, fear, agitation, hyperactivity or anxiety
- communicating hydrocephalus
- blockage of CSF in SUBARACHOIDNOID SPACE
- rapid head growth
- predominant manifestations of hyrocephalus in infants
- inflammatory
- frontal pain and tenderness over affected sinus, fever with activity
- unilateral dilated and reactive pupil
- pupil change in ICP associated with intracranial mass
- fractures
- Because children have thin cranial bones and unfused sutures, they are more prone to
- consciousness
- responsiveness of the mind to sensory stimuli
- microcephaly
- head size less than 3 cm s.d. below the mean for age and sex, associated with mental retardation
- increased intracranial pressure
- force exerted by brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood within the cranial vault
- transillumination
- reveals a fluid filled skull, used to observe hydrocephalus
- under 1 year of age
- what age group is at greatest risk for bacterial meningitis
- hemorrhage
- Because children's brains are highly vascular, they have a small subarachnoid space they are more prone to
- confusion
- disoriented to time, place and peson in that order, may seem alert, inaccurate responses to complex questions
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- scale used to assess level of consciousness by assessing eye opening, verbal and motor response
- dopamine or dobutamine
- in order to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure in clinical therapy for ICP, you give what meds?
- stupor
- response to vigorous stimulation only (sternal rub for example), returns to the unresponsive state when stimulus removed
- high spine injury (C1-C2)
- Because children's spines are excessively mobile and they have immature ligaments, they are more prone to
- assess for periteonitis
- what to assess for in children with shunt in place for hydrocephalus
- encephilitis
- Kernig's and Brudzinski sign will probably NOT be positive with ___________
- cognitive power
- ability to process data and respond either verbally or physically
- unconsciousness
- depressed cerebral function, inability of the brain to respond to stimuli
- alertness
- ability to react to stimuli
- migraine
- aura, photophobia, n/v, increased pain with activity
- early signs of ICP in all children
- HA, double vision, N/V, dizziness, vertigo, slight change in VS, pupils not as reactive or equal, sunsetting eyes, seizures, slight change in LOC
- increased ICP
- predominant manifestations of hydrocephalus in older children
- coma
- severly diminished response and cannot be aroused even by painful stimuli
- inflammatory
- hot or cold applications, antibiotics, analgesics, antiyretics may be used to relieve this type of headache
- migraine medications
- ergot, isometheptene, supratriptan
- fixed and dilated pupil
- pupil change in ICP that is sign of impending brainstem herniation
- Cushings Triad
- Increased systolic BP, widened pulse pressure; bradycardia; irregular respirations- this is a late sign of ICP
- tension relief
- icepacks may be used to relieve these
- early signs of ICP in infants
- bulging fontenel, wide sutures, increased head circ., dilated scalp veins, high pitched cat like cry
- bacterial meninigits
- Kernig's and Brudzinksi sign will probably be POSITIVE with _________________ ______________
- obtunded
- limited response to the environment, falls asleep unless given verbal or tactile stimulation
- falls
- Because children are top heavy, they are more prone to
- fever
- bacterial meningitis in young infant will present with ________
- afebrile, nuchal rigidity, SEVERE headache,positive kernig sign
- clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis in older children