Psychology 201 ch. 8
Terms
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- Nicotine use while pregnant
- smoking takes away oxygen, likelihood of miscarriage, premi-birth, birth weight
- Insecure attachment (avoident)
- not caring if left alone, little contact when parents return
- PT Reversibility
- when only the appearance of a substance have been changes, it can be returned back to its original state
- Cross sectional study
- people at different ages are compared at the same time
- Fetal period
- organs mature and nervous system becomes connected and organized (2 months-birth)
- Insecure attachment (causes)
- 1. temperament 2. caregiver 3. stressful family circumstances (moving away, poverty)
- Zygote
- single cell that forms when a sperm and egg unite
- PT Conservation
- a given quantity or matter remains the same if it is rearranged or changes
- Teratogens
- any agent that can cause birth defect
- Cross sectional study (problem)
- leads to cohort effect: differences are due to generation rather than age
- PT Animistic thinking
- the belief that inanimate objects are alive
- PT Sensorimotor stage
- ages 0-2... infants gain understanding of their world around them through senses and motor activities
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- heart problems, comes on at birth... effects: small, facial deformation, coordination is off
- Secure attachment
- cry and protest when parents leave room, but have a welcoming come back
- Stages or Prenatal Development
- 1. zygote 2. embryo 3. fetus 4. Germinal period 5. Embryonic period 6. fetal period
- Germinal period
- cell division, traveling, teratogens have no effect at this stage (8-10 days)
- Embryo
- developing human between weeks 3-8, when major systems, organs, and structures develop
- PT Pre operational stage
- ages 2-6... development and schemes for symbolic representation
- PT Centration
- the tendency to focus on only one dimensions of a stimulus
- Longitudinal study
- same group of people are followed and measured at different ages
- PT Formal operational stage
- ages 11 or 12 - beyond... ability to apply logical thinking to abstract problems and hypothetical situations
- Longitudinal study (problem)
- expensive, time consuming, drop out
- Insecure attachment (anxious-ambivalent)
- cry/ protest when parents leave, but resistant when they return as well
- Fetus
- developing human between weeks 9-birth
- Embryonic period
- all organs are initially formed (8 weeks)
- PT Concrete operational stage
- ages 6-11 or 12... child acquires concepts of reversibility and conservation and is able to attend to two or more dimensions of a stimulus at the same time
- PT Egocentrism
- believe that everyone sees what they see, inability to take perspective of another person
- PT Object permanence
- objects still exist even when out of sight
- PT Limitations
- 1. cognitive abilities develop in overlapping waves 2. children understand more than what Piaget thought 3. children are not as ego centric as Piaget thought 4. cognitive development depends on culture and education