Bio Exam
Terms
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- diaphragm
- latex cap to cervix; prevents sperm from going into the cervix
- diarrhea
- loosy, watery stools, ocurring more than three times a day
- menstration
- when the outer layer of the endometrium is shed
- disaccharidase
- enzyme that breaks down carbs into monosaccarides
- natural variation
- a variety of alleles within a species
- small intestines
- longest organ in body, got its name b/c of small diameter
- villi
- fingerlike projections in the lining of the walls of the small intestine (increases surface area)
- chromosomes
- threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus
- appendix
- a vestigle organ
- liver bile
- thick green fluid released by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
- constipation
- when the colon absorbes too much water, or moves to slowly through colon
- cardiac sphincter
- joins the esoshpagus to the stomach; helps prevent backflow of stomach fluids
- ascending colon
- 1st part of large intestines
- feces
- poop
- natural selection
- of choosing which allele is most advantageous
- tounge
- moves food around and coats it with saliva and prevents food from coming out of mouth when swallowing
- allele
- a variation of a gene (ex. eye color)
- active transport
- movement of a substance over a membane using pumps
- clitoris
- sexual arousal organ
- high blood pressure
- hypertension
- artificial selection
- the intentional process of choosing which alleles are wanted (ex. dog breeding)
- blood pressure
- force exerted by blood on vessel walls
- coronary artery
- carry nutrient-filled blood to the heart cells
- common bile duct
- carries bile from the gull bladder and liver into the duodenum
- ulcer
- small hole in stomach wall
- convergent evolution
- when separate species undergo a similar change independent of one another
- co-evolution
- two separate species evolve to be dependent on one another, mutual adaptation
- oviduct (fallopian tubes)
- transfers egg to uterus, sight of egg fertilization
- labium major/minor
- external covering/protection
- gall bladder
- small, storage place for bile
- heart burn
- burning discomfort in the chest behind the breastbone
- salivary amylase
- enzyme in saliva; breaks down bolus
- hepatitis
- inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, chemicals, drugs, alcohol, inherited diseases, or the patients own immune system
- divergent evolution
- two groups within a single species adapt to two distinct environments so much they become reproductively isolated and separate species
- complete dominance
- one allele completely masks another allele
- emulsification
- break down of fats and lipids; increases surface area
- acid reflux
- acid juices from the stomach flow back into the esophagus
- stomach
- located on the left of the body
- co-dominance
- both alleles are visible
- condoms
- latex material, prevents sperm from entering the vagina
- vasectomy
- vas deferens is cut and tied
- escherichia coli (E. Coli)
- group of bacteria from contaminated foods and water that can cause disorders such as diarrhea
- triglycerides
- lipids/fats
- vitamin K
- produced by large intestines
- teeth
- mechanical digestion
- hemorroids
- veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed
- incomplete dominance
- alleles combine to make a new allele
- peristalsis
- or peristalic contractions, squeeze the food down the tube
- biological fittness
- ability to eat and reproduce over a long period of time
- pancreas
- composed of exocrine and endocrine tissues; similar to gull bladder na dliver b/c not directically connected to gastro intestinal tract
- species
- a group of organisms that are unique and reproductively isolated
- diastolic number
- minimum pressure when heart relaxes
- IUD (Intra Uterine Device)
- prevents fertilized egg into uterus
- hydrochloric acid
- one of two chemicals that make up gastric juices
- heterozygous
- different letters
- chyme
- soupy mixture of partially digested food
- chewing
- mechanical digestion
- esophagus
- food tube (muscular 10 inch tube)
- absoption
- occurs through processes of diffusion and active transport
- pharynx
- acts as an intersection that leads to the esophagus or trachea
- defication
- excreting feces via anus
- ovary
- sight of egg developement, hormones produced - estrogen and progesterone
- saliva
- contains salivary amylase
- pancreatin duct
- joins pancreas to common bile duct
- chymotypsin
- break down proteins to amino acids
- uvula
- cover windpipe so food goes into stomach
- tubal ligation
- tying of fallopian tubes
- liver
- largest organ in body, produces bile
- endometrium
- think layer of mucus outlining the uterus
- homozygous
- same letters
- phenotype
- actual physical characteristic
- systolic number
- maximum pressure when heart pumps
- cervix
- entrance to uterus
- epiglotis (hard palate)
- cover windpipe so food goes into stomach
- salivary glands
- produce and secrete saliva
- pepsin
- one of two chemicals that make up gastric juices
- transverse colon
- 2nd part of large intestines
- mucus
- protects from acid
- aminopeptidase
- enzyme that breaks proteins into amino acids
- pancreatic amylase
- break down starch to amlase
- descending colon
- 3rd part of large intestines
- gene
- basic physical and functional unit of hereditary; made up of DNA
- mouth
- first place food goes in
- diffusion
- movement of water over a membrane
- spermicide
- chemical that kills sperm; poison to sperm cells
- bolus
- small piece of food before you swallow; chewed up and broken down
- uterus
- sight of pre-natal developement
- lipase
- breaks down lipids and fatty acids into tryglicerides
- gastic juice
- a cocktail of enzymes
- sigmond colon
- last part of large intestines
- large intestines
- takes waste from small intestine and excretes it
- flatulation
- caused by fiber not broken down or absorbed
- halitosis
- bad breath
- genotype
- letters used to represent an allele