Visually Impaired
This is a folder for my presentation on Visual Impairments.
Terms
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- Pupil
- Hole in the center of the iris that expands and contracts, admitting light to the eye
- Valentin Hauy
- A Frenchman who opened the first school for the blind in 1784. He conceived a system of raised letters on printed page.
- Totally Blind
- receives no useful information through the sense of vision and must use tactile and auditory senses for all learning
- Visual Efficiency
- How well a person can use sight
- Samuel Gridley Howe
- Opened the first U.S. school for the blind in 1821.
- Frank Hall:Superintendent of Illinois School for the Blind
- In the year 1900, he convinced people to allow students who were blind into the local public schools. This was the first attempt in the USA to include students who were blind.
- Scotland 1872
- Scotland Education Act required that students who were blind be educated with their sighted classmates. ( Mainstreaming and Inclusion are not new concepts.)
- Photoscreening
- A system used to test visual acuity for those who cannot participate actively or reliably in visual assessments
- Guide Dogs
- Between 1918-1925, guide dogs were trained to help French and German veterans of WWI; They were intrduced to the USA in 1928.
- Natalie Barraga
- She proved that people do not have a limited amount of sight that can be used up; rather, vision can become more limited when it is not used.
- Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
- A cause of visual disabilities from prematurity and excess oxygen used to help the infant breathe but damaging to the retina
- Visual Acuity
- Sharpness of response to visual stimuli
- Iris
- Colored part of the eye
- Functionally Blind
- has so little vision that they learn primarily through the auditory and tactile senses; may be able to use limited vision to supplement the information from other senses
- Peripheral Vision
- The outer area of a person's visual field
- Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)
- An assistive visual input technology; uses a television to increase the size of objects or print
- Accommodation
- The focusing process of the lens of the eye
- Field of Vision
- The width of the area a person can see, measured in degrees
- Braille
- A system of reading and writing that uses dot codes embossed on paper; tactile reading; in 1824, Loius Braille created a precursor to the method used today
- Congenital Blindness
- Blindness present at birth or occuring during early infancy
- Tunnel Vision/Restricted Central Vision
- Severe limitation in peripheral vision; limitations in the width of the visual field
- Optometrist
- Professional who measures vision and can prescribe corrective lenses (eyeglasses or contact lenses)
- Audiodescriptions
- An assistive audio input technology; presents visual information on screen or stage via oral narrations
- Adventitious Blindness
- Blindness occuring after the age of two
- Low Vision
- uses vision as a primary means of learning by; may supplement visual information with tactile and auditory input
- Audio Input Devices
- Assistive technology to help people with visual disabilities by changing what would otherwise need to be seen into information that is heard
- Optician
- A person who fills either the Ophthalmologist's or the Optometrist's prescriptions for glasses or corrective lenses
- Lens
- Part of the eye, located behind the iris, that brings objects into focus
- Snellen Chart
- A chart used to test visual acuity; developed in 1862
- IDEA Definition of Visual Disabilities
- Visual impairment including blindness means an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversley affects a child's educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.
- Cornea
- Transparent, curved part of the front of the eye
- Residual Vision
- The amount and degree of vision of which a person has functional use despite a visual disability
- Tactile Input Devices
- Assistive technology; allows people to use touch to gain information
- Retina
- Inside lining of the eye
- Visual Input Devices
- Assistive technology to help people with visual disabilities with their vision
- Richard Hoover
- He is credited with developing a mobility and orientation system in 1944: The long cane that is used for mobility is named after him.
- Mobility
- The ability to travel safely and efficiently from one place to another; a topic of instruction for students who are blind
- Legally Blind
- A category of blindness used to qualify for federal and state benefits
- Ophthalmologist
- Medical doctor who specializes in eye disorders
- Orientation
- The mental map people use to move through environments; a topic of instruction for students who are blind