Cardiac Drugs

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

Atropine Trade Names: Atropair, Atropisol
Atropine What do small amounts do?: Inhibit salivary/bronchial secretions.
Atropine What do moderate amounts do?: Dilate pupils and increase heart rate.
Atropine What do large amounts do?: Decrease GI motility, inhibit gastric acid secretion. Blocks vagal effects causing positive chronotropy/dromotropy.
Atropine Why is it used in emergency care?: To increase heart rate in life-threatening bradycardias.
Atropine What is it?: Parasympatholytic, anticholinergic, antidysrythmic, antimuscarinic, mydriatic.
Atropine Indications: Asystole, sinus bradycardia and AV block.
Atropine Contraindications: Acute hemorrhage, Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, tachycardia due to cardiac insufficiency.
Atropine Precautions: Active MI, chronic cardiac disease, geriatrics, pediatrics, pregnancy.
Atropine Side Effects: Confusion, drowsiness, blurred vision, palpitations, tachycardia, constipation, dry mouth.
Atropine Routes: IM, IV, PO, SQ, ET
Atropine Onset: < 1 minute
Epinephrine Infusion Indication: Severely symptomatic hypotension due to bradycardia
Dopamine Trade Name: Intropin
Dopamine What kind of drug is it?: Sympathomimetic
Dopamine What does it do (actions)?: Increases cardiac contractility, causes peripheral vasoconstriction.
Dopamine Indications: Hemodynamically significant hypotension (BP 70-100) not caused by hypovolemia. Cardiogenic shock.
Dopamine Contraindications: Hypovolemic shock w/out complete fluid resuscitation. Pheochromocytoma.
Dopamine Precautions: Tachyarrhythmias, v-fib
Dopamine Side Effects: Ventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypertension, palpitations, vasoconstriction of renal arteries - renal failure.
Sodium Bicarbonate What is it?: Alkalinizing agent, increases pH
Sodium Bicarb Indications: Late management of cardiac arrest; hyperkalemia; tricyclic antidepressant OD; aspirin OD
Sodium Bicarb Contraindications: Alkalotic states
Sodium Bicarb Precautions: Can deactivate catecholamines; delivers large sodium load
Sodium Bicarb Side Effects: Alkalosis
Oxygen Contraindications: Paraquat exposure
Oxygen Side Effects: May cause respiratory depression in COPD patients
Acetylsalicylic Acid Trade Names: Aspirin, Excedrine, Bayer
Acetylsalicylic Acid What is it?: Platelet aggregation inhibitor; anti-inflammatory; anti-pyretic.
Acetylsalicylic Acid What does it do?: Slows platelet adhesion; reduces pain; reduces fever.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Indication: Possible AMI
Acetylsalicylic Acid Contraindications: Allergy to Aspirin or NSAIDs; Pediatrics
Acetylsalicylic Acid Precautions: Previous ASA ingestion, pregnancy, gastric ulcers, bleeding disorders, hepatic/renal disease
Acetylsalicylic Acid Side Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, increased bleeding.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Onset: 10-30 min
Morphine Sulfate Trade Names: Astramorph, Duramorph, MSIR, MS Contin, Oramorph
Morphine Sulfate What is it?: Natural opium alkaloid; Analgesic; Peripheral vasodilator
Morphine Sulfate What does it do?: Increases peripheral venous capacitance/decreases venous return. Decreases myocardial oxygen demand. Analgesia. Relieves cardiopulmonary congestion.
Morphine Sulfate Indications: Relief of pain related to MI/ischemia; Pulmonary edema
Morphine Sulfate Contraindications: Bronchial asthma; Respiratory depression; Upper airway obstruction
Morphine Sulfate Precautions: Head trauma; alcoholism; increased intracranial pressure; pulmonary disease; renal disease
Morphine Sulfate Side Effects: Respiratory depression; bradycardia; hypotension; nausea/vomiting.
Morphine Sulfate Onset (IM and IV): IM - 10-30 min
IV - < 1 min
Morphine Sulfate Antidote: Naloxone (Narcan)
Nitroglycerin What is it?: Potent vasodilator
Nitroglycerin What does it do?: Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption.
Nitroglycerin Indications: Angina, Acute MI, CHF w/ Pulmonary edema, HTN
Nitroglycerin Contraindications: Erectile dysfunction medications, cerebral hemorrhage, hypotension, pericardial tamponade.
Nitroglycerin Precautions: Anemia, hepatic disease, hypovolemia
Nitroglycerin Side Effects: Headache, hypotension, syncope, local sensation/numbness
Nitroglycerin Onset: 2 min
Epinephrine What is it?: Sympathomimetic
Epinephrine First drug of choice for what?: ALL PULSELESS RHYTHMS
Epinephrine What does it do?: Cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, decongestion.
Epinephrine Indications: Cardiac arrest
Epinephrine Contraindications: None in cardiac arrest
Epinephrine Precautions: Narrow angle glaucoma, pregnancy.
Epinephrine Side Effects: Cerebral hemorrhage, urinary retention, anxiety, fatal v-fib.
Epinephrine Routes and Concentrations: IV: 10:000

ET: 1:1000
Amiodarone Trade Names: Cordarone, Pacerone
Amiodarone What is it?: Alpha and beta adrenergic blocker
Amiodarone What does it do?: Increases myocardial cell action potential and refractory period. (A strong/slow heart).
Amiodarone Indications: V-fib/V-tach arrest. Certain tachycardias.
Amiodarone Contraindications: None in cardiac arrest. Marked bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree HB, Cardiogenic shock
Amiodarone Precautions: Sensitive in geriatric pts.
Amiodarone Amount needed to cause side effects: > 400 mg/day
Amiodarone Side Effects: Pulmonary edema, CHF, hypotension, worsening arrhythmia, bradycardias, headache, n/v, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, photosensitivity, bleeding disorders
Amiodarone Maximum Plasma Effect time: 3-7 hours after initial dose
Amiodarone Duration: Several days, up to 1-3 wks
Lidocaine Trade Name: Xylocaine
Lidocaine What does it do?: Shortens refractory period/supresses automaticity of ectopic foci. Does not effect conduction.
Lidocaine Indications: Acute Ventricular Arrhythmias
Lidocaine Contraindications: None in cardiac arrest. WPW.
Lidocaine Precautions: CHF, respiratory depression, liver/kidney disease.
Lidocaine Side Effects: Malignant hyperthermia, aggrevation of arrhythmias, dizziness, "doom anxiety" convulsions, LOC, difficulty breathing/swallowing
Lidocaine Onset: 45-90 sec
Lidocaine Drug interactions: Beta Blockers, Phenytoin, Procainamide, Succinylcholine
Procainamide Trade Names: Pronestyl, Procainabid
Procainamide What is it?: Anticholinergic drug
Procainamide What does it do?: Prolongs refractory period of the atria
Procainamide Indications: Sustained/recurrent V-fib/V-tach
Procainamide Contraindications: Lupus, Torsades de Pointes, Amiodarone use
Procainamide Precautions: Increased risk of death in non life-threatening arrhythmias, CHF, liver/kidney dysfunction, cytopenia
Procainamide Side Effects: Lupus-like symptoms, hypotension, Ventricular asystole/v-fib, n/v, diarrhea, dizziness, hepatitis, fever
Procainamide Onset: 1-5 minutes
Procainamide Duration: 3 hours
Magnesium Sulfate Trade Name: Epsom Salt
Magnesium Sulfate What is it?: Electrolyte.
Magnesium Sulfate What does it do?: Depresses CNS, controlling convulsions.
Magnesium Sulfate Indications: Hypomagnesemia, Torsades de Pointes
Magnesium Sulfate Contraindications: Heartblock, myocardial damage
Magnesium Sulfate Precautions: Renal patients
Magnesium Sulfate Side Effects: CNS depression, hypotension, circulatory collapse, muscle paralysis, respiratory failure
Magnesium Sulfate Onset: Immediate
Magnesium Sulfate Duration: 30 min
Adenosine Trade Names: Adenocard, Adenoscan
Adenosine What is it?: Antiarrythmic, coronary artery dilator
Adenosine What does it do?: Slows tachycardias associated with the AV node, restores sinus rhythm, slows condutions time through SA/AV nodes
Adenosine Indications: Converstion of PSVT or SVT when vagal maneuvers don't work
Adenosine Contraindications: 2nd/3rd degree AV blocks, WPW
Adenosine Precautions: Asthma, hepatic failure, caffeine, renal failure, SVT induced by OD
Adenosine Side Effects: Headache, lightheadedness, transient asystole/bradycardia/dyspnea, chest pain
Adenosine Onset: 20-30 sec
Adenosine Duration: 10 sec
Diltiazem Trade Name: Cardizem
Diltiazem What is it?: Calcium channel blocker
Diltiazem What does it do?: Slows conduction through the AV node, reduces ventricular rates, reduces BP
Diltiazem Indications: Control of tachycardic rates
Diltiazem Contraindications: WPW, cardiogenic shock, CHF, 2nd/3rd degree HB, severe hypotension
Diltiazem Precautions: Severe hepatic/renal impairment, lactation, pediatrics, pregnancy
Diltiazem Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, chest pain, n/v
Diltiazem Onset: 2-5 min
Furosemide Trade Name: Lasix
Furosemide What is it?: Loop diuretic, vasodilator
Furosemide What does it do?: Inhibits sodium (and thus water) reapsorption in renal tuble and loop of Henle. Vasodilates.
Furosemide Onset of vasodilation: 5 min
Furosemide Onset of diuresis: 5-15 min

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 117