Middle Ages
Terms
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- Queen Elizabeth I
- Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 , the English Renaissance flourished during her reign.
- guild
- In the Middle Ages, an organization of workers in a trade or craft that set standards and protect the interests of its members.
- England
- Part of the United Kingdom, on the island of great Britian
- vassal
- In the Middle Ages, a nobel who usually was given a fief by his lord in exchange for loyalty.
- Pope Urban II
- Pope who called for the First Cruseade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims.
- Francis of Assisi
- Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick.
- serf
- In the Middle Ages, a person who was bound to work on a nobels manor.
- lord
- In the Middle Ages, a nobel who owned and controlled all activities on his manor
- deforestation
- The process of clearing the land of forests, often to make space for farms or cities.
- Leonardo da Vince
- Italian Renaissance artist, inventor, and scientist.
- fief
- In the Middle Ages, a property given to a vassal in exchange for his loyalty.
- Nicolaus Copenicus
- Polish astronemer in 1514 he discovered that Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
- armada
- A fleet of warships.
- plague
- A terrible disease that spreads quickely and kills many people.
- Martin Luther
- German monk and leader of the Protestant Reformantion.
- Chartres
- A city in northweastern France, noted for its cathedral; 48 degrees N, 1 degree E.
- King John I
- King of England from ad 1199 to 1216; in 1215 he signed the Magna Carta, giving more rights to British nobels.
- Aachen
- Capitol of Charlemange's empire c.800; a city in present day Germany; 51 degrees N, 6 degrees E.
- Prostestamtism
- The beliefs of Christians who opposed, or protested against, the Roman Cahtolic Church in the 1500's; the beliefs of people who follow a Protestant religion today.
- Johannes Gutenburg
- German printer; in 1448 he invented a printing press that used movable type.
- Crusade
- Any of the journeys and battles undertaken by European Christians between 1095 and 1270, to win control of the Holy Land (Palestine) from the Muslims.
- monastery
- A community in which monks lead lives devoted to religion.
- Feudalism
- Starting in Europe around ad 800, a system for organizing and governing society, based on land and service.
- Middle Ages
- A period in European history between ad 500 and about the 1500s.
- Michelangelo
- Renaissance sculptor, painter, archectect, and poet.
- Lorenzo Medici
- Ruler of Florence during the Renaissance and patron of artists such as Michelangelo.
- Petrach
- Renaissance poet and humanist.
- North European Plain
- A large, fertile area that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Coral Mountains.
- humanism
- An idea important to the Renaissance that focused on human values and what people can achive in this world.
- point of view
- The position of someone toward the world or a subject, shaped by his or her thinking, attitudes, and feelings.
- reform
- To change.
- North Sea
- A large arm of the Atlantic Ocean between Great Britain and contanantial Europe.
- manor
- In the Middle Ages, a large self-sufficient estate granted to a lord and worked by serfs.
- Florence
- A city in present-day Italy; one of the great centers of Renaissance art; 41 degrees N, 11 degrees E.
- Reformation
- A movement beginning in Europe in the 1500s to bring reform to the Roman Catholic Church, and leading to Protestantism.
- William the Conquerer
- Norman King; in 1066 he defeated Harold, the Anglo-Saxon king,to become the first Norman king of England.
- Magna Carta
- A legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and limited the power of the king.
- convent
- A religious community in which women, or nuns, live and pray.
- Charlemange
- King of the Franks from 768 to 814 and emperor of Rome from 800-814.
- nun
- A woman who devotes her life to religion, often living in a convent.
- Eurasia
- A large land mass that includes the continents of Europe and Asia.
- Seine River
- A river that flows from eastern France northward into the English Channel
- indulgence
- A pardon or forgivness given by the Roman Catholic Church to people who act against Christian teachings.
- King Henery VIII
- King of England from 1509 to 1547and founderof the Church of England; he broke with the Catholic Church because the pope would not grant him a divorce.
- Erasmus
- Dutch writer and humanist; he fo... reform of the Catholic Church but came to oppose the Protestant Reformation.
- Renaissance
- A period of great cultural and artistic change that began in Italy around 1350 and spread throughout Europe.
- saint
- A women or man considered by a religious group to be especially holy.
- William Shakespeare
- English dramatist and poet; considered one of the greatest writers in the English language.
- cathedral
- A large or important Christian church.
- Benedict
- Italian monk; founder of the Benedict order.
- patron
- A supporter of the arts.
- navigable
- Able to be traveled by boats or ships.
- Normany
- A religion in northwestern France in the English channel.
- temperate
- Mild; moderate in temperature.