Embryogenesis and Sexual Differentiation - Exam 1
Terms
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- What does the anterior pituitary develop from?
- Rathke's pouch
- sella turcica
- surrounds the anterior and posterior pituitary
- Where do germ cells originate?
- ectodermal cells of the inner cell mass of the embryo
- pronephros
- Most primative form of kidney found in developing mammalian embryos that degenerates and gives way to the mesonehpros
- What does the mesonephric duct become?
- Wolfian duct in males
- What does the pramesonephric duct become?
- Mullerian duct in females
- What does the metenephros become?
- Adult kidney and urinary ducts
- What is the Jost Paradigm?
- Chromosomal sex, gonadal, hormonal, phenotypic, brain/behavioral sex
- haplodiploidity
- eggs don't need to be fertilized
- What determines sex in Drosophilia?
- # of X chromosomes
- What determines sex in humans?
- Presence of a Y chromosome
- What region codes for testicular development in humans?
- Short arm of the Y chromosome
- SRY
- Causes embryo to be male; produces anti-Mullerian hormone; codes for DNA binding protein
- What does SRY cause the genital ridge to differentiate to?
- Sertoli cells
- What do Sertoli cells secrete?
- anti-Mullerian hormone
- What 2 things does AMH cause?
-
differentiation of Leydig cells
Causes Mullerian ducts to regress - What do Leydig cells do?
- Secrete testosterone
- What do the Wolffian ducts become?
- vas efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles
- What does lack of testosterone cause?
- Regression of Wollfian ducts
- How do the testis get into the scrotum?
- The gubernaculum expands and then regresses, pulling the testes through the inguinal ring
- What does a 5-alpha reductase deficiency cause in males?
- testosterone cannot be made into DHT
- What characteristics do males of 5a reductase deficiency have?
- testis, AMH, some Wolfian ducts, pseudovagina, and female external genetalia
- What may happen to males with a 5a reductase deficiency?
- At puberty they may differentiate into a phenotypic male
- what is wrong with XY individuals that have testicular feminization?
- no androgen receptors
- What to testicular feminization individuals have internally?
-
testis w/ AMH
no Wolffian or Mullerian duct development - What do testicular feminizaiton individuals have for external anatomy?
- female genetalia