Apologia Biology Module Seven (7) Second (2nd) Edition
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- What branch of science studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring?
- Genetics
- What general guidelines of traits does a person’s DNA determine?
- Genetic factors
- What “non-biological†factors are involved in a person’s surroundings such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices?
- Environmental factors
- What factors in a person’s life does the quality of his or her relationship with God determine?
- Spiritual factors
- What section of DNA codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait?
- Genes
- Which RNA performs transcriptions?
- Messenger RNA
- Which RNA contains a special sequence of three nucleotides per group (anticodon)?
- Transfer RNA
- What is a three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA?
- Anticodon
- What is a sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid?
- Codon
- What DNA in the nucleus of the cell coils around and receives support by proteins?
- Chromosome
- What process is for asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells?
- Mitosis
- What time interval occurs between cellular reproduction?
- Interphase
- What kind of cell is ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles?
- Mother cell
- What region joins two sister chromatids?
- Centromere
- What figure is produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs?
- Karotype
- What cell has chromosomes that come in homologous pairs?
- Diploid cell
- What cell has only one representative of each chromosome?
- Haploid cell
- What number represents the total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell?
- Diploid number (2n)
- What number represents the number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell?
- Haploid number (n)
- What process forms gametes (n) from a diploid cell (2n)?
- Meiosis
- What haploid cells (n) are produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction?
- Gametes
- What non-cellular infectious agent has genetic material (RNA and DNA) inside a protective protein coat and cannot reproduce on its own?
- Virus
- What specialized proteins aid in destroying infectious agents?
- Antibodies
- What weakened or inactive version of a pathogen stimulates the body’s production of antibodies that can aid in destroying the pathogen?
- Vaccine
- Doctors once claimed highly educated women who were emotionally cold and rejected their children had a higher rate of autism. What kind of factor are they considering?
- Environmental factors
- Some scientists believe autism runs in families and are searching for chromosomes that cause autism. What kind of factor are they considering?
- Genetic factors
- Some people believe children with autism are possessed by demons. What kind of factor are they considering?
- Spiritual factors
- What step of protein synthesis involves writing a negative image to copy the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
- Transcription
- What step of protein synthesis involves converting the language of nucleotide base sequences into the language of amino acid sequences?
- Translation
- What kind of RNA is produced first during protein synthesis?
- Messenger RNA
- What kind of RNA is produced last during protein synthesis?
- Transfer RNA
- What are found on tRNA, codons or anticodons?
- Anticodons
- What are found on mRNA, codons or anticodons?
- Codons
- What kind of RNA is produced during transcription?
- Messenger RNA
- What kind of RNA is produced during translation?
- Transfer RNA
- To what nucleotide is uracil attracted?
- Adenine
- What nucleotide does uracil imitate in its actions? Thymine
- Thymine
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A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine. What sequence do you expect to see on the mRNA? - Cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine.
- A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides: guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine. How many codons will the mRNA have?
- 3 codons because there are three nucleotide bases per codon
-
A DNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine. For how many amino acids will the mRNA code? - 3 amino acids because there are three nucleotide bases per amino acid
-
An mRNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine. What three tRNA anticodons do you expect? -
Guanine, cytosine, uracil
Adenine, uracil, cytosine
Adenine, guanine, uracil -
Three tRNA strands have the following sequence of nucleotides:
Guanine, cytosine, uracil
Adenine, uracil, cytosine
Adenine, guanine, uracil.
To what mRNA anticodons was it attracted? - Cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine
-
An mRNA strand has the following sequence of nucleotides:
cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, adenine. From what DNA sequence did it transcribe? - Guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine
- Which step of protein synthesis makes RNA based upon the order and number of nucleotide bases in DNA?
- Transcription
- Which step of protein synthesis makes protein based upon the order and number of nucleotide bases in RNA?
- Translation
- An RNA strand has an anticodon. Is it tRNA or mRNA?
- tRNA
- Which step of protein synthesis occurs in a ribosome. Is this transcription or translation?
- Translation
- Which step of protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus. Is this transcription or translation?
- Transcription
- You look at a cell under a microscope and see distinct chromosomes. What phase of mitosis could not be occurring?
- Interphase
- You look at a cell under a microscope and see chromosomes attached to microtubules, but not lined up on the equatorial plane. What phase of mitosis is occurring?
- Prophase
- You look at a cell under a microscope and see chromosomes attached to microtubules, but lined up on the equatorial plane. What phase of mitosis is occurring?
- Metaphase
- You look at a cell under a microscope and see chromosomes begin to split. What phase of mitosis is occurring?
- Anaphase
- You look at a cell under a microscope and see nuclear material begins to surround newly formed chromosomes. What phase of mitosis is occurring? Telophase
- Telophase
- Name the four phases of mitosis.
- Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- Which of the five phases (anaphase, interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase) are not part of animal mitosis?
- Interphase
- The diploid number of a cell is 16. What is its haploid number?
- 8
- The haploid number of a cell is 9. What is its diploid number?
- 18
- The diploid number of a cell is 2n. What is its haploid number?
- n
- The haploid number of a cell is n. What is its diploid number?
- 2n
- The diploid number of a cell is n. What is its haploid number?
- n/2
- The haploid number of a cell is n/2. What is its diploid number?
- n
- Which is made of a diploid cell, a regular animal cell or a gamete?
- Regular animal cell
- Which is made of a haploid cell, a regular animal cell or a gamete?
- Gamete
- Which has more chromosomes, a regular animal cell or a gamete?
- Regular animal cell
- A diploid cell with duplicated chromosomes turns into two diploid cells with no duplicated chromosomes. What just happened to the cell, mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?
- Mitosis
- A diploid cell with duplicated chromosomes turns into two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes. What just happened to the cell, mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II? Meiosis I
- Meiosis I
- A haploid cell with duplicated chromosomes turns into two haploid cells with no duplicated chromosomes. What just happened to the cell, mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II?
- Meiosis II
- Which looks the most like mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II? Why?
- Meiosis II because of the spindle formed from two haploid cells
- A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. How many cells result at the end of meiosis I?
- Two cells
- A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. How many chromosomes are in each resulting cell at the end of meiosis I?
- Seven chromosomes
- A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis I. Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not at the end of meiosis I?
- Duplicated
- A pair of cells with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis II. How many cells result at the end of meiosis II?
- Four cells
- A pair of cells with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis II. How many chromosomes are in each resulting cell at the end of meiosis II?
- Seven chromosomes
- A single cell with seven pairs of homologous chromosomes goes through meiosis II. Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not at the end of meiosis II?
- Not duplicated
- What do scientists call a gamete produced in male animals?
- Sperm
- What do scientists call a gamete produced in female animals?
- Egg
- How many useful gametes does meiosis of male animals produce?
- Four sperm
- How many useful gametes does meiosis of female animals produce?
- One egg
- Which kind of meiosis have three polar bodies leftover, male or female?
- Female
- Which is bigger a polar body or an egg?
- An egg
- Which kind of gamete can a sperm fertilize, a polar body or an egg?
- An egg
- Which kind of gamete cannot form new life, a polar body or an egg? A polar body
- A polar body
- Which kind of gamete can move about on its own, sperm or egg?
- Sperm
- Which kind of gamete is immobile, sperm or egg?
- Egg
- What kind of genetic material does a virus inject into a bacteria?
- DNA and RNA
- What does a virus inject into a bacteria via the lytic pathway?
- Genetic material
- What does virus DNA instruct the bacterium’s biosynthetic machinery to make and assemble via the lytic pathway?
- Viral proteins and genetic material
- What do the the viral proteins and genetic material form via the lytic pathway?
- More viruses
- What happens to the cell when too many viruses form via the lytic pathway?
- The cell ruptures
- When the cell ruptures because of viruses using the lytic pathway, what does it release?
- More viruses into the body
- Which of the four criteria of life does a virus lack?
- Reproduction
- Is a virus alive?
- No
- Do vaccines cure or prevent disease?
- Prevent
- What does the body produce after a vaccine?
- Antibodies
- Can a vaccine help a person who has already contracted a disease?
- No, the virus will either kill the person or the body will produce antibodies to defeat the virus