Standard Grade Geography: Settlement
Terms
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- What is a settlement?
- A place where people live
- In order, from smallest to largest, name the settlements according to their hierarchy (5)
- Single house, hamlet, village, town, city, (conurbation)
- What is meant by a settlement 'site'?
- The exact place where a settlement is built.
- Give 4 factors that need to be considered when siting a new settlement.
- Defence, building materials, water supply, shelter, fuel supply, fertile land
- What is meant by settlement 'situation'?
- Where a town is in relation to other settlements, roads, landmarks. (give named examples and directions/distances in your answer... e.g. Thornhill is 15 miles north of Dumfries, it is east of the River Nith...
- What is meant by settlement 'function' and give 4 examples of functions.
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Function = the purpose of a settlement. i.e. what a settlement does.
Examples = market town, administrative centre, military, tourist town, religious centre...
If you can, try and included named examples for each of these. -
Dumfries and Kelso are examples of market towns.
Name 3 features of a market town. - Route centre, close to a river (to power the old mills), bridging point, railway (possibly dismantled now)
- Name 4 of the main land uses in a town or city.
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(landuse - how the land is being used)
Residential, roads (and communication lines), recreational, shops and offices, services (hospitals and schools) - From the centre to the edge, name the 4 main zones in the urban land use model (name them in the correct order).
- Central Business District (CBD), Inner City, Inner Suburbs, Outer Suburbs
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Describe the characteristics of:
i) Inner City
ii) Outer Suburbs
Give at least 4 characteristics for each zone -
i) Inner City
Grid iron pattern streets, 4 storey tenement flats, on-street parking, derelict buildings, old factories close by, railways, lots of churches
ii) Outer Suburbs
Curvi-linear street pattern, gardens, driveways, parks (open spaces), industry away from the housing - What sorts of features would you look for on a map to identify the CBD? (try to give 4)
- Haphazard street patterns, cathedrals, route centre, train stations, bus stations
- Glasgow's Inner City was said to be one of the worst slums in western Europe (40's/50's). What 3 things did the city planners do to solve the housing problems?
- Knocked the tenements down and built 'high rise flats', moved the people to 'council estates' (Easterhouse, Castlemilk), moved them to 'New Towns' (East Kilbride) .
- What is the name given when communities are broken up due to relocations (to new towns and council estates)?
- Social fragmentation
- What is meant by Urban redevelopment?
- clearing an area and starting again (e.g. the building of highrise)
- What is urban decay?
- when the whole area deteriorates. People move out the area, shops suffer as there are customers, shops close and get boarded up, people move away - leads to further poverty and possibly crime.