Nutrition- Proteins
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- What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein?
- 10-35%
- What is the energy value for proteins?
- 4 kcal/gram
- Does protein provide energy?
- No, only when it absolutely has too
- What are the chemical elements of protein?
- Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
- What are the basic building blocks for protein?
- Amino Acids
- How many amino acids are there? How many of those are essential?
- There are 20 amino acids. 9 of those are essential
- What is a peptide?
- A protein
- What is a dipeptide?
- A double protein
- What is a tripeptide?
- A triple protein
- What is a polypeptide?
- More than three proteins
- What are the functions of proteins? (6)
-
1. Makes new cells and tissues (growth and maitenance)
2. Replaces damaged cells and tissues (repair)
3. Makes enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
4. Fluid and electrolyte/Acid base balance
5. Systhesizes structural components
6. Helps transport substances around the body - What does the amine group do?
- They are the nitrogen containing portion of the amino acid
- What is deamination?
- It is the removal of the amine group. It is accomplished by the liver after absorption
- What is a food allergen?
-
-substance perceived by the body to be harmful
-causes histamine release, allergic response
-common food allergens are protein containing - What is denaturation?
- It is altering the chemical stucture of protein by heat or cold
- What is densensitization?
- It is slowly increasing the allergen until tolerance is reached
- What is your RDA (DRI) for protein?
- .8g/kilogram
- What is a lacto vegetarian?
- They will consume dairy products in addition
- What is a lacto ovo vegetarian?
- They will consume dairy products as well as eggs in addition
- What is a pesco vegetarian
- They will consume fish in addition
- What is a pollo vegetarian?
- They will consume chicken in addition
- What is a vegan?
- They are strict vegetarians
- What are complete proteins? Give examples.
-
-they contain all the essential amino acids
-they are high quality protein (high bioavailability)
-ex. meat, eggs, and milk products - What are partially complete proteins?
-
-they lack 1-2 essential amino acids
-they are moderate quality
-ex. legumes, nuts, grains, and seeds - What are incomplete proteins?
-
-they lack 3 or more essential amino acids
-they are a low quality protein
-ex. vegetables (corn), and gelatin - What is protein complementation?
-
It is paring, or tripling, up partially complete proteins within the same day. This gives the vegetarian all the essential amino acids
-Mutual supplementation is achieved - Nutrients that are of concern for vegan children (Nutrients they do not get enough of)
- Vitamin D, Calcium, Iron, and Zinc
- Positive Nitrogen Balance
- Protein (nitrogen intake) is greater than protein excretion
- Nitrogen Balance
- Protein (nitrogen intake) is equal to the protein excretion
- Negative Nitrogen Balance
- Protein (nitrogen intake) is less than protein excretion
- What is Marasmus?
- It is a deficiency of both kilocalories and protein
- What is Kwashiokor?
- It is a deficiency of protein
- Name 5 facts about amino acid supplements
-
-The body is designed to handle whole proteins
-Excess of a single aa can cause health hazards
-Excess of one aa can tie up carriers causing disturbance in absorption
-No upper tolerable level yet set for aa supplements
-Long term use is not recommended - 6 problems with excessive protein intake
-
-Excessive saturated fat and cholesterol intake
-Kidney strain
-Dehydration
-Increased risk of kidney stones
-Urinary loss of calcium
-Adipose tissue gain - What is too much protein?
- -2.0 grams or more/kg body weight