Psychology List
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Altruism
- unselfish regard for the welfare of others
- Asch's conformity study (line segments)
- This study found that subjects yielded to a majority over one-third of the time and gave the answer suggested by the majority in a line comparison task. In many cases this was the wrong answer.
- Atrribution theory
- Explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition
- Bystander intervention: factors that influence it
- Victim appears to need & deserve help, victim is similar to us, we're not in a hurry or preoccupied, we're in a good mood, we come from a small town, we watched someone else help another, we feel competent to help, and we are focused on others and not our
- Central vs. Peripheral route to persuasion
- using evidence and logic vs. appealing to senses and emotions
- Cognitive dissonance
- the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the tension by changing our attitude.
- Deindividuation
- the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in a group situation that foster arousal and anonymity
- Dominant responses (aided by social facilitation)
- What you do well, you are likely to do even better in front of an audience, especially a friendly audience; what you normally find difficult may seem all but impossible when you are being watched.
- Equity theory of relationships
- a condition in which people recieve from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
- foot-in-the-door phenomenon
- the tendency for people who have first agreed to a smaller request to comply later with a larger request
- frustration-agression hypothesis
- the principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression
- fundamental attribution error
- the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
- groupthink
- the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
- ingroup vs. outgroup bias
- the tendency for one to favor one's own group vs. those percieved as different or apart from one's ingroup "them"
- just-world phenomenon
- the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and derserve what they get
- normative social influence
- influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
- prosocial behavior: what is it and give an example
- positive, constructive, helpful behavior. an example is ghandi, martin luther king jr., etc.
- Proximity (effects on relationships)
- freater availability to those we often meet; repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases our liking for them
- social exchange theory
- the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
- social facilitation
- stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
- social loafing
- the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
- social trap
- a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
- Stanley Milgram's experiment with obedience
- (participant had to push button to give more and more shock to a person) Factors that promote obedience - the authority figure appears ligitamite, proximity of authority figure, proximity of us to victim,if the victim is depersonalized, if there are no ro
- stereotype
- a generalized belief about a group of people
- the mere exposure effect
- the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
- tragedy of the commons
- ehy it may not be good for believe in everyone for himself; better if everyone works toward "common good"
- Zajonc's "Mere Exposre Effect"
- Concluded that evolution has hard-wired into us the tendency to bond with those who are familiar and to be wary of those who are unfamiliar
- Zimbardo's prison experiment
- he found that role playing, uniforms and a powerful situation can make good boys behave like cruel, sadistic guards, and turns others into conforming, whiny prisoners who will do whatever they are told; controversal because situation could have cause life