Gray's Anatomy Session I

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The axilla is: an irregularly shaped pyramidal area formed by muscles & bones of the shoulder and lateral surface of the thoracic wall, the apex opens directly to the base of the neck and the 'armpit' skin forms the floor.
The cubital fossa is: a triangularly shaped depression formed by muscles anterior to the elbow joint, brachial artery and median nerve pass through it.
Which nerve pass through the carpal tunnel: Median nerve.
Movements of the arm at the glenohumeral joint are:: 1- Flexion, Extension.
2- Abduction, Adduction.
3- Medial & lateral rotation.
4- Circumduction.
Major movements of the elbow joint are:: 1- Flexion and extension of the forearm.
At which joint does the supination and pronation of the hand happen?: radioulnar joint
The movements of the hand at the wrist joint are:: 1- Adduction, abduction.
2- Flextion, extension.
3- Circumduction.
The bones of the shoulder are: 1- Clavicle.
2- Scapula.
3- Proximal end of the humerus.
The clavicle articulates medially with: the manubrium of the sternum
The clavicle articulates laterally with: The acromion of the scapula.(oval facet)
Name a hinge joint in the upper limb:: Elbow joint
Name a pivot joint in the upper limb: Distal radioulnar joint
The elbow joint allows the radius to: spin on the humerus while sliding on the head f the ulna during pronation of the hand.
The wrist joint consists of: 1- The radius.
2- The articular disk which is inferior to the ulna.
3- Carpals.
Explain: The carpal bones work together as a unit:: Because the joint between the eight carpal bones allow only limited amonts of movement.
What is the type of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?: Saddle joint.
Explain: The thumb has grater mobility than that of the digits: Because the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb allows greater mobility than the limited sliding movement which occurs at the carpometacarpal joints of the finger.
The heads of metacarpals II to V are interconnected by:: Strong ligaments(less freedom)
The metacarpophalangeal joints are: biaxial condylar joints
(ellipsoidal joint)
Biaxial condylar joints allow:: 1- Adduction, abduction.
2- flextion, extension.
3- circumduction.
The interphalangeal joints are: hinge joints
Name some muscles which connect the scapula and the clavicle to the trunk.: 1- Rhomboid major.
2- Rhomboid minor.
3- Levator scapulae.
4- Trapezius.
Name some muscles which connect the scapula, clavicle, & body wall to the proximal end of the humerus.: 1- Pectoralis major.
2- Pectoralis minor.
3- Teres Major.
4- Latissimus dorsi.
5- Deltoid.
The four rotator cuff muscles are:: 1- Subscapularis.
2- Supraspinatus.
3- Infraspinatus.
4- Teres Minor.
The functions of the rotator cuff muscles are: 1- Connect the scapula to the humerus.
2- Gives support to the glenohumeral joint.
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are separated from the muscles of the posterior compartment by:: 1- Intermuscular septa.
2- Humerus.
The thenar eminence lies: over the palmar aspect of metacarpal I
Superior thoracic aperture is:: superior opening of the thoracic cavity.
Tyhe axillary inlet is formed by:: 1- The lateral aspect of the thoracic wall.
2- The posterior surface of the clavicle.
3- the superior margin of the scapula.
4- The medial surface of the coracoid process.
The brachial plexus is formed of: ventra rami of C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
DMT: C5: upper lateral region of arm
DMT: C6: palmar pad of the thumb.
DMT: C7: Pad of the index.
DMT: C8: Pad of the little finger.
DMT: T1: skin of the medial aspect of the elbow.
MYTMS: C5: Abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.
MYTMS: C6: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow jojnt
MYTMS: C7: Extension of the arm at the elbow joint
MYTMS: C8: Flexion of the fingers.
MYTMS: T1: Adduction and abduction of the index, middle, & ring fingers.
Tendon Taps: C6: Tendon of biceps brachii in the cubital fossa
Tendon Taps: C7: Tendon of triceps brachii posterior to elbow.
All muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm are innervated by: Musculocutaneous nerve
All the muscles of the anterior compartment are innervated by: Median nerve, except for extensor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
Most intrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by ...., except for ......: Ulnar nerve. Lateral 2 lmbricals & muscles of the thenar eminence(median nerve).
All the muscles of the posterior compartments are innervated by:: radial nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm: Radial nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm: Musculocutaneous
Superficial branch of radial nerve.: 1- 1/2 the thumb anteriorly.
2- 3/1/2 lateral digits posteriorly.
What are the nerves which are directly related to the humerus?: 1- Axillary nerve.(surgical neck)
2- Radial nerve.(spiral groove)
3- ulnar nerve.(medial epicondyle)
The superficial veins in the upper limb are:: 1- Basilic.
2- Cephalic.
The superficial veins of the upperlimb originate from: Dorsal venous network
Describe the origin of the cephalic vein: It originates over the anatomical snuff box at the base of the thumb, passes laterally around the distal forearm to reach the anterolateral surface of the limb & then continues proximal, it passes in the clavipectoral triangle and then it passes into the axilla by piercing the deep fascia just inferior to the clavicle.
Discuss the origin of the basilic vein: It originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous network of the hand and passes to the posteromedial surface of the forearm, it passes onto the anterior surface of the limb just inferior to the elbow about midway up the arm.
How are the basilic and cephalic vein connected: they're connected by the median cubital vein which crosses the roof of the cubital fossa.
The pectoral girdle consists of: Clavicle
Scapula
Proximal end of the humerus
The three angles of the scapula are: 1- Superior.
2- Inferior.
3- Lateral(glenoid cavity)
The three borders of the scapula are: 1- Superior.
2- Medial.
3- Lateral.
The 2 surfaces of the scapula are:: 1- Costal surface.
2- Posterior surface.
The 3 processes of the scapula are: 1- Acromion.
2- Coracoid.
3- Spine.
The inferior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle possesses 2 distinct structures which are: 1- The conoid tubercle.
2- The trapezoid line.
A large triangular-shaped roughening inferior to the glenoid cavity: infraglenoid tubercle
Which muscle is attached to the infraglenoid tubercle.: Long head of triceps brachii
The supraglenoid tubercle is a site of attachment for: Long head of biceps brachii

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