Biochemistry Proteins
Terms
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- What are the functions of proteins?
-
1- Catalytic Functions.
2- Transport Functions.
3- Contractile Functions.
4- Protective Functions.
5- Regulatory Functions. - Histones' special functions are
- They are closely associated with DNA, they control & regulate gene transcription & translation.
- Define axial ration
- Length / Width
- Fibrous proteins are water .....
- insoluble
- The axial ration of fibrous proteins is:
- >=10
- The axial ration of globular proteins is:
- <=4
- How are the proteins chemically classified?:
-
1- Simple proteins.
2- Conjugated proteins.
3- Derived proteins. - Protamis are ..... proteins
- simple proteins
- Prolamins are ...... proteins
- simple proteins
- Name 2 prolamin proteins
-
Zein of corn
Gliadin of wheat - ...... are simple structural proteins
- Scleroproteins
- Name 2 simple proteins which are soluble in water:
-
1- Albumin.
2- Protamins. - Name 2 simple proteins which denature with heat:
-
1- Albumin.
2- Globulins. - Name 2 simple proteins which preciptate in amm sulfate solutions:
-
1- Albumins. (fully saturated)
2- Globulins. (Half saturated) - Globulins aren't soluble in water but they're soluble in:
- dilute salt solution.
- Protamins are rich in
- Arginine & Lysine Residues
- Prolamins are soluble in
- 70-80% alcohol solution
- Scleroproteins are soluble in
- hot strong acids
- the non-protein part in a conjugated protein is called
- prothetic group
- Proteins are classified on the basis of the chemical nature of their prothetic group into:
-
1- Glycoproteins.
2- Lipoproteins.
3- Nucleoproteins.
4- Phosphoproteins.
5- Chromoproteins.
6- Metalloproteins. - All proteins of the pituitary are
- glycoproteins except for oxytocin & vasopressin
- What is the protein when the carbohydrate content is more than 10% of the whole protein molecule
- mucoproteins or proteoglycans
- Chylomicrons are
- lipoproteins
- Casein of milk is a
- phosphoprotein
- VLDL, LDL, HDL are
- Lipoproteins
- A protein with a yellow-colored prothetic group is
- Riboflavin
- A protein with a red-colored prothetic group
- Hemoglobin
- A protein with a purple-colored prothetic group
-
Visual purple(Vit.A)
(Rhodopsin) - A protein with a green-colored prothetic group
- Chlorophyll
- Copper-containing metalloprotein found in plasma
- Ceruloplasmin
- Copper containing enzyme essential for collagen synthesis
- Lysl Oxidase Enzyme
- Carbonic anhydrase contains
- Zinc
- Iron containing proteins are subdivided into:
-
1- Heme-containing proteins.
2- Non Heme-containing proteins. - List some example of heme-containing proteins
-
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Cytochrome Oxidase
Cytochrome p-450
Catalase
Tryptophan pyrrolases. - List some examples of non heme-containing proteins
-
Ferritin
Transferrin
Lactoferrin - The only bonds that can't be broken by denaturation agents
- Peptide bonds
- Name 2 agents which break the sulfide bond
-
beta-mercaptoethanol
performic acid - Van der waal's forces occur at a distance of
- 3-4 A(contact distance)
- protein coformation
- the proteins after interactive forces has taken place between the AAs of the protein
- Native proteins
- Proteins in their functional, folded conformation.
-
List the main bonds which distinguish each of the following protein structures:
1- Primary.
2- Secondary.
3- Tertiary -
1- Peptide bonds.
2- Hydrogen bonds.
3- All of the other forces, esp. disulfide bonds. - The types of secondary structures are
-
1- Alpha Helices.
2- Beta pleated sheets.
3- Beta turns. - The alpha helices' structure is stabilized by
- Intrachain hydrogen bonds
- Each turn of the alpha helix consists of .... AA
- 3.6
- The alpha helix occurring in most proteins is .... handed
- right
- Disruptions of the alpha helix may occur due to:
-
1- Steric effect by bulky amino acids.
2- Proline's N which is a part of a hard ring structure.
3- Electrostatic repulsions. - The two types of beta pleated sheets are
-
parallel
antiparallel - The beta pleated structure is rigid, therefore it can be found in
- fibrous proteins
- A polypeptide unit in the quaternary structure of a protein is called
-
monomer
protomer - Amyloid
- protein deposits
- Physical factors which lead to denaturation are:
-
1- High temperature
2- Vigorous Shaking.
3- High Pressure.
4- U.V & X-Ray radiations. - Chemical factors leading to denaturation are
-
1- Strong acids and bases(irreversible)
2- Beta-mercaptoethanol.
3- Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)
4- Concentrated urea. - .... is used in laboratories to denature plasma proteins
- Trichloroacetic acid