MPCS9thHonorsHistoryCh1
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- When did the Neolithic Age begin?
- about 8000 B.C.
- What are some traits of the Australopithecines?
- Walk upright, had opposable thumbs, can carry food and children, brain size of 500 cm2
- What were the achievements of the Cro-Magnons?
- created art, made many tools with specialized uses, planned their hunts - studied animal behavior and stalked prey, advanced skill in spoken language
- What are some traits of the Cro-Magnons?
- skeletal remains identical to modern humans, strong, about 5 and 1/2 feet tall, brain size of 1,400 cubic centimeters
- What is the work of archaeologists?
- They are specially trained scientists who work like detectives to uncover the story of prehistoric peoples. They learn as the excavate and study traces of early settlements. Archaeological digs provide clues to prehistoric life. They analyze evidence such as bones and artifacts. Bones help reveal what these people looked like, how tall they were, the types of foods they ate, diseases they had, and how long they lived. Artifiacts help uncover how the people dressed, the work they did, or how they worshipped.
- What are some traits of the Homo erectus?
- brain size 1,000 cubic centimeters, walked upright, migrated or moved
- What factors led to the agricultural revolution?
- As men hunted, the women gathered fruits, berries, roots, and grasses. Some of the seeds may have been scattered near a regular campsite. When these people returned the next season, they may have found new crops growing. This discovery helped bring in the Neolithic Revolution or the agricultural revolution resulting from the beginnings of farming.
- When did the Paleolithic Age begin?
- about 2.5 million
- What were the achievements of the Homo Erectus?
- more intelligent and adaptable, used intelligence to develop technology, skillful hunters, invented sophisticated tools for digging, scraping, and cutting - first hominids to migrate, may have developed the beginnings of spoken language,
- What were some achievements of the Old Stone Age or the Paleolithic Age?
- oldest stone chopping tools date back to this time, invention of tools, beginnings of spoken language, mastery of fire
- When did the Paleolithic Age end?
- 8000 B.C.
- How did farming develop and spread worldwide?
- As populations began to increase (due to larger food sources), there was pressure to find new food sources. Farming was attractive as it provided a steady source of food. Farmers used a form of planting called slash-and-burn farming which required them to cut trees and grasses and burn fields to clear them. After they grew crops for several years, they were forced to move to another area to find more land. Farming grew and places began to develop - especially near fertile river valleys. Farming grew along these early centers of agriculture and then spread to the surrounding regions.
- What is the work of paleontologists?
- These are scientists who study fossils for evidence of early life preserved in rocks. They use complex techniques and technology to date ancient fossil remains and rocks.
- What are some traits of the Neanderthal?
- powerfully built, had heavy slanted brows, well-developed muscles, thick bones, brain size of 1,450 cubic centimeters
- What were the achievements of the Australopithecines?
- can walk upright, could spot threatening animals, could pick up small objects, could make tools
- What were the achievements of the Homo Habilis?
- used tools to cut meat and crack open bones, first to make stone tools
- What is the New Stone Age?
- Neolithic Age
- What were some of the cultural achievements of Neolithic villagers?
- these villages developed into centers of agriculture growing wheat, barley, and other crops. Farmers along the Yellow River cultivated a grain called millet. 1,000 years later farmers first domesticated wild rice. Farmers in the Central Andes were the first to grow tomotatoes, sweet potatoes, and white potatoes. The people of these villages also began to build more permanent structures to live in (Catal Huyuk) lived in about 1,000 dwellings which were rectangular homes made of brick and built side by side like a honeycomb.
- What is the work of anthropologists?
- these are scientists who study culture or a people's unique way of life. They examined artifacts at archaeological digs to recreate a picture of early people's cultural behavior.
- What were the achievements of the Neanderthal?
- first to have ritual burials, developed religious beliefs, survived harsh winters by living in caves or temporary shelters made of wood and animal skins, ability to hunt in subarctic regions
- How did hunter-gatherers use technology to improve their chances of survival?
- They were able to increase their food supply by inventing tools. They crafted special spears helping them kill game at greater distances. They used stone, bone, and wood to make more than 100 different tools. These tools were things such as knives used to kill and butcher game. They made hooks and harpoons that helped them catch fish. These uses of tools helped increase the food supply which allowing them to meet survival needs.
- What problems did the early villagers face?
- Some of the problems they faced included floods, fires, drought, diseases such as malaria, and jealous neighbors and roving nomadic bands that might attack and loot a wealthy village.
- Explain how stone age peoples used slash-and-burn farming and domestication of animals to produce steady sources of food.
- The slash-and-burn method of farming was used to clear an area that could then be used for several years as the ash helped the soil remain fertile for several years. Domestication of animals also produces a constant source of food such as sheep, goats, and camels. These were two important ways early man survived as there were larger sources of food for the people.
- What are some traits of the Homo Habilis?
- brain size 700 cubic centimeters
- What were some achievements of the New Stone Age or the Neolithic Age?
- learned to polish stone tools, made pottery, grew crops, and raised animals
- What is the Old Stone Age?
- The Paleolithic Age
- When did the Neolithic Age end?
- as early as 3000 B.C.
- What types of art did Paleolithic people create?
- They created jewelry such as necklaces made of seashells, lion teeth, and bear claws. They also carved small realistic sculptures of animals. The Paleolithic people even created cave paintings which were decorative and give insight to their daily lives.