Science Chapter 4 Test

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Shape, size, and pattern: What are different ways the grains can help?
Clastic rocks: Sedimentary rocks that form when rock fragments are squeezed together; the fragments can vary in size
Through erosion, deposition, compaction, and cemention: How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Another way that chemical rocks can form: From mineral deposits left when seas and lakes evaporate
Coral Reef: Structure that is formed by skeletons that grow together
Clastic rocks are grouped by...: Size of particles of which they are made of
Color, texture, and mineral composition: What determines a rock's origin?
Compaction and cementation change the sediment in the bottom of the ocean into this: Limestone
Ignis: Means fire
Observe the shape and color of crystals in a rock: How do scientists find out what the rock contains?
Mineral composition, color, and texture: What do geologists study when they observe a rock sample?
Yes: Can igneous rock be similar in mineral composition but different in textures?
Meta: Means change
Coral animals: Tiny relatives of jellyfish
Foliated: Arranged in parallel layers or bands
Magma: High in silica
Deposition: Process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it
They can make thin slices of a rock and examine it with a microscope.: How do scientists determine the rock's composition?
How do they form?: Over thousands of years of building up of the skeletons
Nonfoliated: Arranged randomly
Sediment: Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or livng things
Forces of erosion: Running water, wind, loose ice; They can carry away fragments of rocks
20: About how many minerals make up the Earth's crust?
Size and shape of mineral crystals: What does texture depend on?
Uses of sedimentary rocks: Building materials and tools (White House is made of sandstone)
Metamorphic rock: Forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions; most are formed deep underground
Lava: Low in silica
How are igneus rocks classified?: Origin, texture, and mineral composition
Heat and pressure: Two things that can change any rock into metamorphic rock
What is coral reef really?: Organic limestone
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic: The different groups of rocks
Breccias: Fragments with sharp edges
What do the forces deep inside the Earth and at the surface produce?: Slow cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust
What changes when a rock changes into a metamorphic rock?: Its appearance, texture, crystal structure, and mineral content change
Grains: Particles that make up minerals
Most sedimentary rocks are...: Clastic
Conglomerates: Fragments that have rounded edges
Extrusive rock: Igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto the Earth's surface
Intrusive rock: Igneous rock formed from magma that hardened beneath the Earth's surface
How do scientists determine the texture of a rock?: Grains
Shale changes into...: Slate
How can coral reefs help us?: They give us evidence about the history of our Earth
Organic Rocks: Form where remains of plants or animals are deposited in thick layers
Morphis: Means form
Cementation: Process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together
Coal: Forms from remains of swamp plants buried in water
Uses of metamorphic rocks: Sculptures and materials for building (Abraham Lincoln's Memorial)
Silica: A material formed from oxygen and silicon
Rock Cycle: Series of processes on the Earth's surface and in the curst and mantle that slowly chang rocks from one kind to another
Igneous rock: Forms from cooling of magma or lava
Coarse-grained rocks with large crystals: What does slowly cooling magma form?
Chemical rocks are formed when...: Minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize
What does sediment contain?: Leaves, shells, bones, stems, and other remains of living things
Examples of both: Slate, schist, and gneiss
Granite: Light colored rock that is high in silica
Basalt: Dark colored rock that is low in silica
Example of tests: Testing the surface of a rock by using acid determines wheter the rock includes minerals made up of compounds called carbonates
Compaction: Process that presses the sediment together
Do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks change continously?: Yes
Similarities and Differences between intrusive and extrusive rocks: Intrusive rocks have larger crystals and some have a texture that looks like a gelatin dessert with chopped-up fruit mixed in. Extrusive rocks have fine-grained and glassy textures; Examples- intrusive: porphyry and granite and Extrusive: basalt and obsidian
Sedimentary rock: Form when particles of other rocks or remains of plants or animals are pressed or cemented together; form in layers that are buried below the surface of Earth
Certain types of rocks that have a texture like glass. These igneous rocks lack a crystal structure.: What is the only exception?
Content or amount of silica: How does color help geologists determine the rock's composition?
Where do they grow?: Only in shallow, warm, tropical waters
Granite changes into...: Gneiss
How do they live?: Smaller than fingernail, use their tentacles to absorb food that floats by
How are igneous rocks used?: Building materials (bridges, ancient statues, public buildings, paving streets, curbstones, floors, and kitchen counters), cleaning and polishing with pumice, obsidian makes sharp tools for cutting or scraping, and perlite is mixed with soil for starting vegetable seeds
Limestone changes into...: Marble
Two important organic rocks: Coal and limestone
How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks?: By their arrangement of grains
Fine-grained igneous rocks with small crystals: What does rapidly cooling lava form?
Different types of sedimentary rocks: Clastic, organic, and chemical

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