MiddleAges
Terms
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- Magyars
- nomadic people who invaded Germany, France, Italy but were pushed back 50 years later
- common law
- applied to all of England, legal system based on custom and court rulings
- Holy Roman Empire
- empire including lands from Germany to Italy
- Reconquista
- Christian kingdoms in North Africa who drove muslims from Iberian Peninsula
- Great Schism
- several popes from different regions who all calimed "true vicar of Christ"
- Council of Constance
- church group that finally removed authority from all three popes and replaced with Pope Martin the V in Rome
- Serf
- peasants on manor bound to land
- Black Death
- plague that attacked and killed 1 in 3 europeans (bubonic plague), hurt economy and raised unrest
- Investiture
- Pope Gregory banned practice where emperor appointed bishops (only pope had that right)
- Scholasticism
- the use of reason to support Christian beliefs
- Manor
- Self sufficient society, lord's estate, heart of medieval economy
- Fief
- estate given to vassal by lord
- EARLY MIDDLE AGES: Charlemagne
- germanic king united France, Germany, northern Italy; goal: a united christian europe; crowned emperor by Pope
- Vassal
- lesser lords who ran fiefs, pledged service and loyalty in return for protection
- heresy
- religious beliefs contray to official church teachings
- Estates General
- advice representatives of all 3 classes of french society: clergy, nobles, townspeople
- Guilds
- union for craft specialists
- Feudalism
- independent divided kingdoms run by local lords and their vassals
- Chivalry
- knight's code of conduct: brave, loyal, true to word, protect weak, place women on pedestal
- Gothic Style
- tall, light and airy cathedrals with Flying buttresses, stained glass (to teach illiterate) and idealsitic sculptures meant to inspire
- canon law
- body of church laws
- parliament
- council which gave advice and then became England's legislature
- Inquisition
- church court set up to try people accused of heresy
- magna carta
- charter that stated nobles had certain rights and monarch must also obey law
- Avignon Papacy (Babylonian Captivity)
- criticized popes who lived lavish lifestyle and were unable to provide leadership that Europe desperately needed
- Vikings
- Scandanavians who burned and pillaged european communities, broke last surviving bit of unity of charlemagne's empire
- excommunicate
- denial of sacraments and christian burial
- friars
- non-isolated monks who traveled and preached to poor
- Crusades
- christian battling muslims for control of lands in middle east (particularly holy land, jerusalem)
- interdict
- excommunication of entire town or kingdom
- Hundred Years' War
- France and England's rivalry over land and trade control, English won at first, but Joan of Arc led French to many victories
- CENTRAL MIDDLE AGES: Papal Supremacy
- popes declaring their authority over emperors and kings (they were representatives of god)