arte 101 test 4
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- 52. What is the Feminist Art movement
- The rise of works that make sharp feminist statements, speak directly to women's experiences, or raise to the level of fine art materials and methods that have been employed by women for centuries.
- 3. In what ways did Romanticism differ from Neoclassicism?
- Extreme emotion enhanced by virtuoso brushwork and brilliant palette
- 46. What is Neo-Expressionism
- A violent, figurative style of the second half of the twentieth century that largely revived the German expressionism of the early twentieth century.
- 31. Describe the work of Gabo
- His work denies mass and weight.
- 4. Describe the work of Delacroix. How did it differ from Neoclassical painting?
- Delacroix advocated the spontaneity of painting directly on canvas without the tyranny of meticulous prepatory sketches.
- 36. Describe the work DeKooning and Pollack
- The gestural application of paint seems to be the most important aspect of their work. Pollock: "action painting"- a painting whose surface implied a strong sense of activity, as created by the signs of brushing, dripping , or splattering of paint. DeKooning: abstract women figures.
- 33. What are the two types of Surrealism? Who were the leaders of the Surrealist movement
- Illusionistic: rendered the irrational content, absurd juxtaposition, and metamorphoses of the dream state in a highly illusionistic manner. Automatist: a direct outgrowth of automatic writing and was used to divulge mysteries of the unconscious through abstraction. Leaders: Salvador Dali and Joan Miro.
- 1. What is Neoclassicism?
- Neoclassical style is an 18th century revival of classical Greek and Roman art, characterized by simplicity and straight lines.Characteristics: harsh sculptural lines, a subdued palette, and planar recession into space
- 43. Compare the work of Richard Estes and Audrey Flack
- Flack's illusionistically real canvases often result from a technique involving the projection of color slides onto her canvases, which she then sketches and paints in detail. Estes' work offers the consummate exercise in one-point perspective.
- 42. What is Photorealism
- A movement dating from the 1960s in which subjects are rendered within hard, photographic precision.
- 9. What was the publics initial reaction to Manet's work?
- His work was disapproved of by public.
- 5. What is the subject of Goya's The Third of May, ?
- commemorates the massacre of the peasant-citizens of Madrid after the city fell to the French.
- 8. What was the motivation behind the work of Daumier?
- His motivation was to convey his disgust with the monarchy and contemporary bourgeois society.
- 15. Describe the work of Van Gogh. Why does the book say his life "epitomizes the cliché of the artist?"
- long, thin strokes define the forms but also create the emotionalism in the work. He presents his subject not as we see it but as he would like us to experience it. Cliché because he didn't achieve recognition until after death.
- 28. Can the Futurist style be applied to sculpture? If so, explain
- The Futurist obsession with illustrating images in perpetual motion found a perfect outlet in sculpture.
- Name two prominent Neoclassical painters and describe their work?
- Jacques-Louis David : balance emotion and restraint,Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : harsh linearity, sculptural smoothness on the one hand, and delicacy and sensuality on the other, Angelica Kauffman : portraiture, history painting, and narrative works
- 49. Compare the sculpture of Marisol and Segal
- Segal cast his figures in plaster from live models and then surrounded them with familiar objects of the day—Coke machines, Formica tables, chairs, etc—to clearly proclaim the horrors of the age. Marisol creates figurative assemblages from plaster, wood, fabric, paint, found objects, photographs, and other sources. Marisol frequently repeats images of her own face and body in her work. She has also used these techniques to render satirical portraits of world leaders.
- 18. Which artists does the text term as American Expatriates
- Mary Cassalt and James Whistler
- 20. What was the Hudson River School
- A group of artists whose favorite subjects included the scenery of the Hudson River Valley and the Catskill Mountains in New York State.
- 47. How are artists incorporating Graffiti in their work
- Jean-Michel Basquiat used graffiti to enhance potent images that are often culled from African art.
- 32. Name the leader of the Dada art movement and discuss his work
- Duchamp used art to destroy art.
- 35. What is Abstract Expressionism
- A style of painting and sculpture of the 1950's and 1960's in which artists expressionistically distorted abstract images with loose, gestural brushwork. Characteristics: spontaneous execution, large gestural brushstrokes, abstract imagery, and fields of intense color
- 25. What are the two types of Expressionism? How do they differ
- The Bridge: movement as bridging a number of disparate styles. Blue Rider: contrasts and combinations of abstract forms and pure colors without subject. Described as nonobjective and abstract.
- 41. Explain the work of Andy Warhol. What was his motivation
- His compositions and his expressionistic brushing of areas of his paintings achieved an individual stamp.
- 26. What are the two types of Cubism? Who were the leaders of the Cubist movement
- Analytic and Synthetic Cubism. Leaders: Picasso and Braque. Sythetic=composed of found elements
- 53. What is Conceptual Art
- An anticommercial movement begun in the 1960s in which works of art are conceived and executed in the mind of the artist. The commercial or communal aspect of the "work" is often a set of instructions for what exists in the artist's mind.
- 38. What is Pop Art? Name two Pop Artists
- Pop art is an art style originating in the 1960s that uses commercial and popular images and themes as its subject matter. Richard Hamilton, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, and Andy Warhol.
- 11. Describe the work of Monet and Degas.
- Monet: the dissolution of surfaces and the separation of light into its special components Degas: influenced by photography, asymmetrical composition
- 34. What was a government program of support during the depression for the arts in the U.S.
- The Federal Art Projects of the WPA (Works Progress Administration) had nourished the New York artist community during the Great Depression.
- 29. How did the work of Georgia O'Keeffe contribute to the development of Abstract Art in the United States
- By magnifying and abstracting the details of the subjects on her canvas.
- 40. Describe the work of Jasper Johns
- His works frequently portray familiar objects such as numbers, maps, color charts, targets, and flags, integrated into a unified field by thick gestural brushwork.
- 30. Explain the principles of Constructivism
- Dedicated to pure abstraction or nonobjective art. Does not use nature or visual reality as a point of departure; it has no subject other than that of the forms, colors, and lines that compose it.
- 54. What regions does oceanic art come from
- The art of Oceania span millions of square miles of ocean, ranging from the continent of Australia and large islands of New Guinea and New Zealand to small islands such as the Gilberts, Tahiti, and Easter Island.
- 14. What was Cézanne's most "significant stride"? Describe his work.
- A drastic collapsing of space. He uses spatial inconsistency and does not paint from one vantage point.
- 19. Who was the most important American Portrait painter of the Nineteenth century. Describe his work
- Thomas Eakins, very realistic
- 21. What was Art Nouveau? What building was done in this style
- Highly ornamental style of the 1890's characterized by floral patterns, rich colors, whiplash curves, and vertical attenuation. Antonio Gaudi's Casa Mila Apartment House
- 6. What was Academic art? How did it differ from the art styles of the time?
- Neoclassical, nonexperimental style promoted by the Royal French Academy. Differed because 1. subject matter did not represent life as it really was and 2. the manner in which the subjects were rendered did not reflect reality as it was observed by the naked eye.
- 22. Explain the motivation behind the work Rodin
- Rodin ensured that spectators of the Burghers of Calais would partake of the tragic emotion of the scene for centuries to come.
- 48. Describe the work of Henry Moore
- He worked with bronze and wood and was influenced by Picasso so his figures became abstracted and more fluid. Voids opened up, and air and space began to flow through his works.
- 13. What method did Seurat employ in his work? Describe his work.
- Pointillism
- 10. Discuss the theory and technique of Impressionism. Name three Impressionist painters.
- Rebellion against academic art and heavy reliance on nature. 1. Monet 2. Renoir 3. Degas
- 24. Describe the characteristics of Fauvism
- Use of harsh, nondescriptive color, bold linear patterning and a distorted form of perspective.
- 12. What was Post Impressionism? What were the concerns that motivated the Post-Impressionists?
- A group of late nineteenth century artists that wanted to move away from the formless technique and decorative aspects of Impressionism toward a more individual form of expression. *Cezanne *Van Gogh *Gauguin
- 17. What style did Munch work in? Describe his work
- Expressionism. His work shows themes of dehumanized society, pain, and isolation.
- 27. Can the Cubist style be applied to sculpture? If so, explain
- Cubists used sculptures to obtain the real 3D form they were looking for.
- 16. What theory did Gauguin develop? Describe his work
- Synthetism: advocated the use of broad areas of unnaturalistic color and primitive or symbolic subject matter.
- 23. Who was one of the founders of Fauvism
- Matisse
- 50. Briefly discuss the work of David Smith
- His works of the 1950s were compositions of linear steel that crossed back and forth as they swept through space. Even though Smith's shapes are geometrically pure, his loving burnishing of their highly reflective surfaces grants them the overall gestural quality found in Abstract Expressionist paintings.
- 51. Name an installation artist
- Judy Pfaff. Installation is a contemporary sculpture form in which materials from planks of wood to pieces of string and metal are assembled to fit within a specific room-sized exhibition spaces.
- 39. Describe the work of Rauschenberg
- He is best known for combine painting which is a contemporary style of painting that attaches other media, such as found objects, to the canvas.
- 45. What is Op Art
- Aka optical painting, the artist manipulates light or color fields, or repeats patterns of line, in order to produce visual illusions. A style of art dating from the 1960s that creates the illusion of vibrations though afterimages, disorienting perspective, and the juxtaposition of contrasting colors.
- 7. What was realism? Describe the Realists' style of painting.
- Realists painted how they saw things, not how they knew them to be.
- 37. Name four Color-Field Painters. What are the characteristics of color-field painting
- Morris Louis, Helen Frankenthaler, and Kenneth Noland. Color-field painting is painting that uses visual elements and principles of design to suggest that areas of color stretch beyond the canvas to infinity; figure and ground are given equal emphasis.