Humanities 201
Terms
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- 4 Tributatires of Western Tradition
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Christianity
Greek
Roman
Judaism - Three Main Cities
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Athens
Rome Jerusalem - Ethical Monotheism
- One God
- Bible
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little books
Byblos
Three Groupings: Law, Prophets, Writings - Covenant
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Sacred Promise
"I will be your Gd; you will be my people" - Guilt Culture
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Caring what other people think of you, what God thinks about you
Remind people to do what they're supposed to - Cave painting
- Depict animals and hunting (vital part of survival)
- Hammurabi
- Mesopotamia's most famous King, author of a law code that attempted to achieve social justice by legislation, laws carved on steel
- Law Code of Hammurabi
- deal with relationship between husbands, wives, and other family members
- Aegean Culture
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disappeared in 1100 BC
cycladic art (idols)C - Cyclades
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settlements on a group of islands of central Aegean
pre-Cretian
fertility goddesses
eventually sailed to Greece - Cycladic Idols
- religious function at funerals, cult of mother goddesses( mostly female statues found), arm folded, head tilted back, simplicity
- Minoan Culture
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under King Minos
Increase in growth, small towns
Became first major devlopment, urban centers
Architecture
Liveliness in color in pottery and jewelryj
Men leaders but religion associate with women - Knossos
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properous and thriving community ruled by a powerful and ruthless king Minos
Urban center, main palaces (private houses surrounded) - King Minos
- legendary king of Knossos who was put in Labyrinth and conquered the Minotaur
- Minotaur
- A monstrous creature that was half man and half bull--a product of of the union of Minos's wife Pasiphae with a bull
- Ariadne
- King's daughter who fell in love with Theseus, ran away with him
- Schliemann
- Proved that stories of war against Troy and Mycenaeans were true
- Characteristics of Mycenaean culture
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Made war on Troy, palace complexes, mysterious fall in 1200 BC, art preoccupied with death and war
death masks - Agamemnon
- Leader of of the Mycenaean expedition against Troy
- Polis
- Greek word for "city" used to designate the Greek self-governing city-state
- Heroic Age
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Development of Iron Age culture
Greeks begin colonizing in East Italy
First Olympic Games
Evolution of Homeric epics
Hesiod
geometric art - Heroic Code
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Arete = excellence in something
Speaker of words, doer of deeds
Well rounded
Hero measured by prowess in battle and number of possessions - Demeter
- goddess of fertility
- Artemis
- goddess of chastity and the moon, the hunt
- "Homeric question"
- was he a man or woman? blind poet? did he doe it?
- Greek Music
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believed music strongly influenced behavior
Important religiously, emotionally and spiritually powerful - Ethos
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moral character
That which distinguishes art and vies it character, or moral and ethical character in music - Modes
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Scales that formed basis of Greek Music
Major and minor
Arrangement of notes in scale - Harmony
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Used by Greeks to describe certain musical scales
Relationship between notes and chords - Pythagoras
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presocratic philosopher who had greatest influence
Upheld morals and chastity, order and harmony, murdered
Mathematics
Numerical relationship of musical harmonies (octave) - Orientalizing
- early pottery decoration, popular at Corinth, using motifs from Eastern art
- Presocratics
- Greek philosphers before the time of Socrates
- Solon
- legislator and poet, reformed legal system (four classes)
- Sappho
- lyric poet, first woman to leave a literary record that reflects personal experience
- Kouros
- Nude standing male figure, common in Archaic sculpture
- Kore
- Draped standing female figure, common in Archaic sculpture
- Archaic smile
- grimace on sculptures faces
- Battle of Marathon
- Greeks don't like Persians, Persians attack Greece, Athenians afraid to die, Go and fight, kick their trash, Athens become leaders of Greeks
- Hubris
- excessive pride
- Herodotus
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first Greek Historian, nine books of Persian Wars
Great storyteller - Greek world view
- Realistic, city state leadership, democracy, anybody who has land can participate in politics, belief in gods but not driving figures, orders of architecture