Renaissance and Reformation
Terms
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- Jan van Eyck
- a flemish painter in the 1400's, spread the technique of oil painting
- Predestination
- the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation
- Index of Prohibited Books
- a list of works considered too immoral or irreligious for Catholics to read
- John Calvin
- born in France, was apart of the reformation by starting Calvinism, Calvinists believed in many of Luther's ideas as well as predestination and that there were 2 kinds of people; sinners and saints
- Priesthood of all believers
- all people who believe in God, not just members of the Church, have a relationship with god
- Justification (Salvation) by Faith
- howw one will reach heaven, it is different in different religions, in Catholicism it is acieved through faith and good works while in Calvinism it is determined by God alone
- Presbyterians
- a religion or sect off of Christianity within Western Christianity
- Queen Elizabeth (Elizabethan Settlement)
- daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn that took throne in 1558, compromised ideas of Protestants and Catholics
- Leonardo da Vinci
- lived from 1452-1519, was a artist who drew the Last Supepr and the Mona Lisa, many accomplishmetns over many areas of art
- Charles V
- summoned Luther to the diet of the worms, delcared Luther a outlaw
- Catholic (Counter) Reformation
- led by Pope Paul III during the 1530's and 1540's, was meant to revive authority of the Church and put back the Protestants
- Peace of Augsburg
- a document signed in 1555 that let each prince to decide which religion would be followed in his lands
- Erasmus
- a dutch humanist born in 1466, produced a Greek edition of the Bibile, was disturbed by corruption in the Church and called for reform
- Anglican Church
- what the Church of England was called, now owned by the King
- Council of Trent
- called in 1545 and led by Carlo Borromeo, it was a council that met off and on for about 20 years that re-discussed Catholic views and ideas
- Raphael
- lived from 1483-1520, developed his own style of painting, did many paintings of the mother of Jesus
- Henry VIII
- turned against the Church when he was not allowed to divorce his wife in order to marry someone else to have a child that was a boy, took over church, closed down monasteries and convents and took over lands of wealth, died in 1547
- Martin Luther
- the German theologist that led the protestant revolt against the church and its ways, and eventually made a religion that branched off of Christianity
- Michelangelo
- lived from 1475-1564, was a sculptor, engineer, painter, arhitect and poet, created the sculpture David and painted the Sistien Chapel
- Indulgences
- a lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory, a place where souls too impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetimes
- Protestantism
- the beginning of the revolt against the Church led by Martin Luther as well as the ways and beliefs of a Protestant
- Anabaptists
- a religion branched off the Protestants, were more radical than other religions but most were non-violent, one main difference is that they rejected infant baptism
- Machiavelli
- wrote a guide,The Prince, for rulers and how they gain and hold power, urged to do whatever necessary to achieve their goals
- Inquisition
- a court that originally started in the Middle Ages that used torture and execution to root out heresy
- The 95 Theses
- 95 arguements or reasons against indulgences that Luther came up with, posted on church door
- Humanism
- the study of classical cultrue of Rome and Greece, but used the study to increase their understanding of their own times
- Johan Gutenberg
- started a printing revolution by publishing the first complete edition of the Bible using printing press with movable type in 1455
- Puritans
- members of an English Protestant group who wanted to "purify" the Church of England by making it more simple and more morally strict
- Jesuits
- founded by Ignatius of Loyola, a strict program that included spiritual and moral discipline, rigorous religious training and obedience to the Chruch, "soldiers of God"