Child & Adol PSY
Terms
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- adolescence
- the transition between childhood and emerging adulthood
- adolescent initiation ceremony
- a ritual, or rite of passafe, announcing to the community that a young person is making the transition into adolescence or full adulthood
- anorexia nervose
- an eating disorder in which individuals (usually females) starve themselves because of a compulsive fear of getting fat and an extremely distorted body image
- autonomous morality
- piagets second stage of moral development in which children view rules as flexible, socially agreed on principles that can be revised when there is a need to do so. Begins around age 10
- autonomy
- at adolescence, a sense of oneself as a separate, self governing individual. Involved relying on oneself and less on parents for direction and guidance and engaging in careful, well reasoned decision making
- bicultural identity
- the identity constructed by adolescents who explore and adopt values from both their subculture and the dominant culture
- body image
- conception of and attitude toward ones physical appearance
- bulimia nervosa
- an eating disorder in which individuals (usually females) engage in strict dieting and excessive exercising accompanied by binge eating, often followed by deliberate vomiting and purging with laxatives
- clique
- a small group of about fivr to seven members who are good friends and therefore tend to resemble one another in family background, attitudes and values
- conventional level
- kohlberg's second level of moral development in which moral understanding is based on conforming to social rules to ensure positive human relationships and societal order
- crowd
- a large, loosely organized group consisiting of several cliques. Membership is based on reputation and stereotype
- ethnic identity
- an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes and feelings associated with that membership
- fantasy period
- a period of vocational development in which young children fantasize about career options through make believe play. Spans early and middle childhood
- formal operational stage
- piagets final stage in which adolescents develop the capacity for abstract, scientific thinking. Begins around eleven years of age
- gender itensification
- increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior. Occurs in early adolescence
- growth spurt
- rapid gain in height and weight during adolescence
- heteronomous morality
- piagets first stage of moral development, in which children view moral rules as permanent features of the external world that are handed down by authorities, require strict obedience, and cannot be change. Extends from about 5 to 10 years
- hypothetico-deductive reasoning
- a formal operational problem solving straegy, in which adolescents begin with a deneral theory of all possible factors that could affect an outcome and deduce from that theory specific hypothesis, which they test in an orderly fashion
- identity
- a well organized conception of the self that defines who one is, what one values, and what directions one wants to persue in life.
- identity achievement
- the identity status of individuals who have explored and committed themselves to self chosen values and goals.
- identity diffusion
- the identity status of individuals who lack both exploration and commitment to self chosen values and goals
- identity foreclosure
- the identity status of individuals who lack exploration and instead are committed to ready made values and goals that authority figures have chosen for them
- identity moratorium
- the identity status of individuals who are exploring, but are not yet committed to self chosen values and goals
- identity versus identity confusion
- in eriksons theory, the psychological conflict of adolescence which is resolved positively when adolescents attain an identity after successful outcomes of earlier stages
- imaginary audience
- adolescents belief that they are the focus of everyones elses attention and concern
- logical necessity
- a basic property of propositional thought, which specifies that the accuracy of conclusions drawn from premises rests on the rules of logic, not on real world confirmation
- menarche
- first menstration
- personal fable
- adolescents belief that they are special and unique. Leads them to conclude that others cannot possibly understand their thoughts and feelings. May promote a sense on invulnerability to danger
- postconventional level
- kohlbergs highest level of moral development, in which individuals define morality in terms of abstract priciples and values that apply to all situations and societies
- preconventional level
- kohlbergs first level or moral development in which moral understanding is based on rewards punishments and the power of authority figures
- primary sexual characteristics
- physical features that involve the reproductive organs directly (ovaries, utuerus and vagina, penis scrotum and testes)
- propositional thought
- a type of formal operational reasoning in which adolescents evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real world circumstances
- puberty
- biological changes at adolescence that lead to an adult size body and sexual maturity
- realistic thought
- the period of vocational development in which adolescents focus on a general career category and slightly later settle on a single occupation. Spans late adolescence and young adulthood
- secondary sexual characteristics
- visible features on the outside of the body that serve as signs of sexual maturity but do not involve the reproductive organs. (breasts, underarm and pubic hair)
- spermarche
- First ejaculation
- tentative period
- a period of vocational development in which adolescents start to think about careers in more complex ways by weighing vocational options against interests, abilities, and values. Spans early and middle adolescence.