Behavioral Science-Test 2
Terms
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- Steps of Scientific Method
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1-Identify a problem/question
2-Formulate a hypothesis
3-Collect Data (Through Experiment/Observation)
4-Analyse data/ Draw Conclusions - Hypothesis
- Educated Guess
- subject
- person/animal/thing being studied
- variable
- any factor that is capable of changing during and experiment
- independent variable
- the variable that is chnaged during an experiment
- dependent variable
- the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable
- constant
- stays constant/unchanged, treated like experimental group except independent variable not applied
- control group
- the subjects that are just like the experimental group but not given independent variable
- experimental group
- a group of subjects that is exposed to the independent variable
- population
- a group from which the subjects are chosen
- random sampling
- every member of a population has a chance
- selection bias
- lack of representation in the sample
- experimenter bias
- behave in a manner that influences the subject
- animal studies: advantages
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risk factors: injury/death
control from infancy, diet, brain implants
complete control - animal studies: disadvantages
-
feedback (verbal)
might have a different affect on humans than animals - research setting: laboratory
- control the setting, while keeping "real-world setting"....you realize you're in an experiment (truthful?), limited in study, unnatural enviroment
- natural onservation
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(observe behavior in a real world setting and make no effort to manipulate or control the situation)
-time restrictions/ you might not find what you're looking for
-location might affect results
-researcher's opinion may alter results - Descriptive (method)
- intends to provide an accurate portrayal of behaviors (statistics, leads to further research)
- correlational method
- the goal is to describe the strengths of relationship between 2 or more factors/characteristics/variables
- experimental (method)
- involves experimentation, cause and effect
- Bandura Experiment
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dependent variable: children
independent variable: reward/punishment
2 experimental groups, 1 control - operational definition
- -a definition of behavior in terms of observable features
- interview
- a method in which questions are asked directly to an individual to find out about the person's experience and attitude
- disadvantages to interview
- social desirability: most socially accepted response and desirable, but not what you feel
- open-ended questions
- unstructured
- close-ended
- structured,
- questionnare (survey)-
- similiar to an interview except respondants read a question and write down answers