Plate Tectonics
G Period
Earth Science Honors
Mrs. Wilde
Chapter 6: Plate Tectonics
Earth Science Honors
Mrs. Wilde
Chapter 6: Plate Tectonics
Terms
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- Pangea
- The name of the supercontinent on Earth
- subduction
- The process of one plate going under another
- Pacific
- The _________ plate is about a quarter of a mile away from San Francisco
- convergent (boundary)
- A boundary where the plates get smashed together
- mountains
- ________ are created when two contiental plates collide
- Nazca
- The Andes are formed from the subduction of the _______ plate
- Yellowstone
- The closest hot spot to us
- Juan de Fuca
- The plate that is up by Oregon
- Plate Tectonics
- The entire theory of plates on Earth, moving around, with the mechanism
- seismograph
- The instrument used to measure earthquakes
- epicenter
- The point above ground where an earthquake occured
- supercontinent
- A large continent (not Pangea)
- seamounts
- Underwater volcanic peaks
- sea-floor spreading
- How the oceanic crust spreads apart and creates new lithosphere
- North American
- We live on the __________ ____________ plate
- continental slope
- The the "cliff"-like structure where a continent ends under water
- oceanic
- The ___________ plate always sinks when it comes in contact with its opposite, a continental plate
- hot spot
- A constant stream of magma, one of which formed Hawaii
- transform
- The San Andreas fault is a ___________ boundary
- volcanoes
- There are usually ____________ on top of subduction zones
- convection (cell)
- A current where the warm rises to the top, cools, then sinks back to the bottom
- mantle plume
- A burst of magma from the mantle
- constant
- Each plate is in ________ motion
- Glomar Challenger
- The ship that drilled into the oceanic crust to get samples of sediments
- asthenosphere
- The goowy plactic part below the lithosphere that the plates ride on
- continental rifting
- When one continent splits apart above divergant boundaries
- boundary
- Where all the interactions of plates occur (singular)
- ocean basin
- The part of the ocean that is relatively flat and extends for a long way
- continental shelf
- The part of a continent that extends underwater
- Continental Drift
- The origional version of plate tectonics by Wegener that didn't include the mechanism
- subduction zone
- The place where one plate slides under another
- Wegener
- Last name of scientist who proposed continental drift
- older
- The ___________ oceanic plate always sinks in collisions
- divergant (boundary)
- A boundary where the plates pull apart
- 82
- The mantle is ___% of the Earth
- convection
- ________ currents is major reason plates on Earth move
- focus
- The exact point where an earthquake occured
- microfossils
- From oceanic sediment, scientists use ____________ to date the rock
- oceanic
- _______ crust always sinks below in subduction
- rift valley
- A long trough at the top of an oceanic ridge
- yes
- Will there be another Pangea?
- basalt
- The rock oceanic crust is composed of
- 3
- What is the minimum number of seismographs to find the epicenter of an earthquake? (numeral)
- lithosphere
- The bitter crust and the upper part of the mantle
- outer core
- A fluid, metallic layer of Earth
- Alaska
- The part of California on the pacific plate will eventually crash into __________
- magnetic reversal
- The event that occurs when Earth's magnetic fields reverse
- ridge-push
- The force powering plate tectonics where gravity pushes crust down from a ridge
- transform (boundary)
- A boundary where the plates slide past each other
- inner core
- The iron-rich, solid layer of Earth
- granite
- The most common igneous rock on Earth
- Mid-Oceanic Ridge System
- The entire system of oceanic ridges all over the world
- trench
- The structure that is formed in a subduction zone (looks like a V)
- San Andreas Fault
- The nearest transform fault to us
- India
- The Himilayas were formed when _________ crashed into the Eurasian plate
- slab-pull
- The effect of a ridge sliding down into the mantle, taking the rest of the plate with it, helping power plate tectonics
- volcanic island arc
- An underwater arc of volcanoes form the collision of two oceanic plates
- crust
- The thin outer layer of the Earth
- mantle
- The largest layer of Earth, with silicate and iron
- ocean
- Wegener's hypothesis didn't explain how the continents moved through the _____
- echo sounder
- The tool used to "map" the ocean floor
- continental volcanic arc
- An arc of volcanoes caused by subduction of an oceanic plate under a contnental plate
- trench
- The deepest part of the ocean
- black smoker
- These are geyser-like structurs underwater that emit hot, mineral rich water that flows into the cool sea