Science
Terms
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- friction
- the opposing force between two objects that causes an object to slow down
- Atomic Model
- Scientists have developed a scaled-up model to visualize how the atom is constructed. It includes all the information that is known about matter and the behavior of atoms. The earliest model was a simple sphere that has since developed to the current electron cloud model.
- kinetic energy
- : an object that is moving has energy based on its mass and speed
- mass
- amount of matter in an object
- convection
- the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place
- Archimedes' Principle
- states that the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
- thermal expansion
- increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased
- Suspension
- liquid mixture in which visible particles settle
- Chemical Property
- any characteristic of a substance that will cause it to undergo change
- Element
- substance with atoms that are all alike
- Physical Property
- any characteristic of a material that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material
- Chemical change
- a change of one substance to another
- Properties of metals
- good conductors of heat and electricity, the reflect light (luster), malleable (can be hammered or rolled into sheets), ad ductile (can be drawn into wires)
- Heterogeneous Mixture
- mixture in which different materials are unevenly distributed and are easily identifies
- Physical Change
- a change that does not change the arrangement of atoms; size, shape, state of matter, kinetic energy (heating and cooling), dissolving/mixing, distilling, melting point, boiling point, tearing, cutting, ripping, dicing
- Buoyancy
- ability of a fluid - a liquid or a gas - to exert an upward force on an object immersed in a fluid
- speed
- : how fast an object is moving or how far something goes in a certain amount of time; distance over time
- inertia
- an object's resistance to change in motion based on its mass: NOT A FORCE
- Compound
- atoms of two or more elements are always combined in the same way
- law of conservation of mass
- the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances remaining after the chemical change
- Homogeneous Mixture
- solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more substances blended evenly throughout
- acceleration
- rate of change of velocity; calculated by change in velocity over the time it takes to occur
- Properties of Atoms
- Protons:-positive charge; electrons-negative charge; neutrons-neutral charge
- Radiation
- the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
- law of conservation of energy
- energy can not be created nor destroyed but it can transform
- velocity
- the speed of an object and the direction it is moving.
- Solution
- homogeneous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen without a microscope
- air resistance
- the force that opposes the motion of objects as they move through the air
- Noble Gases
- They are stable because they have full outer levels and do not need to bond with other elements (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)
- boiling point
- the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in a liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of a liquid
- Substance
- element or compound that can not be broken down into simpler components and keep the properties of the original substance
- Conduction
- a transfer of thermal (hot) energy by collisions between particles in matter at a lower temperature. It occurs because particles are in constant motion
- Properties of non-metals
- not malleable or ductile, not good conductors of heat or electricity, and not shiny
- density
- mass per unit of volume of the material (m/v)
- Kinetic Theory
- explanation of the behavior of molecules in matter; states that all matter is made of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy
- Melting Point
- temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy
- temperature
- measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object
- pressure
- amount of force exerted per unit area
- Potential Energy
- energy that is stored in an object due to position; causes the object to have potential to change
- Diffusion
- spreading the particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformly distributed
- Diatomic Molecule
- consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond (H2 N2 Cl2)