5th grade science chapter 1 topic2
Terms
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- root cap
- thin covering that protects the root tip as it grows into ground
- epidermis
- the outermost layer of the plant
- cortex
- the layer just inside the epidermis where food is stored
- xylem
- tissue through which water and minerals move UP through a plant
- phloem
- tissue through which food from leaves moves DOWN through a plant
- cambium
- the layer that separates the xylem and the phloem and where new xylem and phloem cells are made
- chloroplast
- the "food factory" of the plant where the chlorophyll is found
- transpiration
- the process of water being lost from the leaves through the stoma and being replaced by water moving up through the plant
- purposes of roots
-
hold plant in ground
draw water and minerals from ground
can be eaten as food by animals - taproot
- one large root - like a carrot
- fibrous roots
- thin hairy branching roots like - grass has
- aerial roots
- never touch the ground - like plants that hang in trees in rainforest
- prop root
- grow like fingers in the ground to hold the plant up like - corn
- two types of stems
- woody and soft
- purpose of stems
- support leaves and flowers contain the parts of plant that transport water and minerals up from ground and food down from leaves
- two types of leaves
- simple and compound
- cuticle
- waxy coating on leaf that helps keep water from leaving
- stomata
- tiny pores on bottom of leaf that let air in so water can evaporate
- guard cells
- these cells open and close the stomata
- petiole
- the part of the leaf that connects it to the plant
- three things plants need to grow and live
- water, sunlight, carbon dioxide
- veins
- transport water and minerals through leaf and food created in photosynthesis from the leaf
- photosynthesis
- process that a plant uses sunlight to make food
- respiration
- the release of the trapped energy in the sugars made during photosynthesis
- what is needed for photosyntheis
- water and carbon dioxide join in the presense of sunlight and chlorophyll to make sugar and oxygen
- why do leaves change color in fall
- because when it gets colder the leaves stop making chlorophyll.
- how is water moved through a plant
-
taken in through root hairs
passes through cortex to xylem and travels up
released through leaves - How do plants help the air
- plants release oxygen as waste during photosynthesis