SPA305- Final Exam Vocabulary
Terms
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- Palabra Esdrujula
- A word stressed on the 3rd-from last syllable (ie rapido)
- Alveolar
- The point of articulation produced with the tongue tip or blade against the alveolar ridge; ie [n]
- Alfabeto
- The letters used in the writing system of a language
- Alofono
- An individual sound realization of a phoneme
- Consonante Africada
- A consonant that starts as a stop and finishes as a fricative (Chiflado)
- Fonetica acustica
- The study of speech sounds, their physical properties, their transmission, and their perception by the listener
- Vasco, Vascuence
- The name of the ethnic and linguistic group in north central Spain and their language
- Bilabial
- the point of articulation produced with maximum closure by the 2 lips such as for [b]
- Castellano
- The spanish language itself; also specifically the national standard dialect of Spain; spoken natively in central and northern spain as opposed to andalusian or mexican spanish
- Catalan
- A romance language spoken in NE and E Spain, including the balearic islands
- Palabra Cognada
- A word in one language related to a word in another, usually of similar orthographic appearance, although not necessarily similar in sound,a nd often meaning almost the same thing; animal-animal; composicion-composition
- cultura
- an anthropological concept, the totality of the patterns of human behavior that often differ markedly from one ethnic and linguistic group to another
- decibel
- a unit to measure the loudness of a sound
- signo diacritico
- a special mark used in writing systems to indicate sound modifications that cannot be represented just by letters, such as the ~ used in the spanish n or the / throught [b] to indicate a fricative.
- diptongo
- the combination of 2 vowels in a single syllable
- falsete
- a paralinguistic manifestation consisting of an artificial extremely high pitched way of speaking, usually done by men to imitate women or children.
- glotal
- the point of articulation of the consonant [h] for example, produced as the airstream passes through the glottis and rubs the vocal bands, producing friction, but in this case w/o accompanying vibrations.
- glotis
- the triangular opening b/t the vocal bands through which the airstream passes in breathing or speaking.
- ideograma
- a symbol used to represent semantic concepts, like words or m orphemes, rather than individual sounds as letters do (ie, chinese writings)
- interlocutor
- the person to whom one addresses his/her utterance or converses with
- idioma
- a system of verbal communication, like spanish or english. also a particular subclass of the broader system of communication, used for specific purposes and often by special groups, like adolescendents, sports fans, etc; also the human ability to use verbal communication.
- letra
- a graphic symbol that represents a sound rather than a word, an object, a person, a concept, etc. as pictographs do
- comunidad linguistica
- a group of people who al speak the same language. it can include various countries, like mexico and argentina for spanish, or canada/usa for english.
- modo de articulacion
- the manner in which the articulators contact or approach each other and modify the airstream in the production of consonants: stop, fricative, affricative, etc.
- metrica
- the science of meter, or the arrangement and use of words in poetry, according to various factors, such as the position of the stresses and the # of syllables
- pareja correlativa
- a pair of words whose pronunciation differs only by the presence of 2 dounds in the same position of "slot" of the two words, all other being exactly alike: ie peso and beso
- morfologia
- the study of the form of words and of their parts, or morphemes
- nasalizacion
- although consonants like [m]and [n] are nasal, the term nassalization usualy refers to the pronunciation of vowels by expelling the airstream through the nasal cavity rather than the mouth. In spanish/english, this happens automatically when vowels come in contact with nasal consonants
- onomatopeyico
- paralinguistic sounds or "words" that are imitative and meant to replicate surrounding sounds: ie natural phenomena, manmade noises, animal cries, etc. Achis! Guau guau
- ortografia
- the rules of spelling; the representation of speech sounds by graphic symbols
- palatal
- the point of articulation produced with the dorsum of the tongue humped up against the hard palate such as for ^ [y]
- paralenguaje
- vocal manifestations beyond the regular sound system of the language, articulated by speakers for special purposes, such as expressing emotion, imitatinng sounds made by animals or natural phenomena and expressing certain semantic concepts such as agreement, negation and approval
- palabra llana
- a word stressed on the next to last syllable (ie casa, lapiz)
- fonema
- A functional contrastive sound unit or family, usually consisting of 2+ individual varieties, family members, or allophones, and written between slash bars /p b k/
- pictograma
- pictures or icons used in the writing systems of some languages to represent objects, people, or concepts rather than individualized sounds as letters do
- nivel tonal
- the relative height of the pitch of the voice. Spanish for example has 3 pitch levels high /3/, mid /2/, low /1/
- palabra sobresdrujula
- a "word" stressed on the 4th from last syllable. (digamelo, diciendoselos) all such "words" are really verb forms and object pronouns. there are no regular individual sobresdrujula words in spanish
- ritmo
- a suprasegmental feature having to do with the time or relative length of stressed and unstressed syllables. spanish has an even legato syllable-timed rhythm, since most syllables are of the same or almost the same length regardless of the stresses.
- semivocal
- in spanish- a semivowel or semiconsonant is either [i] or [u] it is never stressed and necessarily forms one part of a diphthong
- silaba
- the syllable is the smallest sound group in phonetics and can even consist of a single sound. every spanish syllable must have at least 1 vowel. open syllables-end in vowels. closed syllables-end in consonants. spanish favors open syllables
- sintaxis
- the patterns of arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a language
- traquea
- the so called "windpipe" or breathing tube leading from the bronchial tubes up to the larynx and vocal bands
- triptongo
- combo. of 3 vowels in a single syllable. (in spanish, the 1st and 3rd of these three vowels is always either the semivowel [i] or [u]
- uvular
- the point of articulation produced as the tongue dorsum comes into contact with the uvula. only 2 uvular sounds in spanish [X] (jota)-strong voiceless trilled x of castilian spanish; voiced trilled [r] of many puerto rican speakers
- velar
- the point of articulation produced as the tongue dorsum comes in contact with the soft palate or velum, such as for [k]
- vocativo
- your use of the title or name of the person to whom you are speaking: (senorita, juan, amigo mio) in spanish the pitch usually drops on vocatives
- palabra
- a minimal free form or separable unit of speech. some words, like nouns, verbs, adj, and adv, are completely free in the sense that they can be uttered in isolation. other, like articles, prepositions, and conjunctions, are semibound in the sense that they can only be uttered next to free forms.