AP English Short Story/Classical Epic Exam
Terms
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Which is not a following charcteristic of an epic?
a. long
b. narrative
c. poems
d. central hero of little importance
e. setting is whole known world of culture
f. told in episodes - d. hero of *national* importance
- Define Hubris
- excessive pride
- Who are the Achaeans?
- Greeks
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Epics have all the following conventions except:
a. invocation of muse (calliope)
b. begin in medias res
c. catalouges of warriors, ships, weapons
d. epic metaphors
e. epithets
f. formal speeches
g. statement of theme - d. epic *similes*
- Illion is another name for...
- Troy
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Folk epics are:
a. delivered orally
b. written
c. unknown author
d. both a & c - d
- Define Classicism.
- tendency in art htat retains characteristics found in works originating in classical Greece & Rome
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Art epics are:
a. oral
b. written down.
c. unknown author
d. known author
e. both b & d - e
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What is a fable?
a. novel with a moral
b. brief tale with a moral
c. talking animals
d. none of the above
e. both b&c - e
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Foils are:
a. two opposite characters
b. two alike characters
c. characters that seemingly identical but different when analyzed - c
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Satire is the ridicule of...
a. science & religeon
b. politics & art
c. a & b
d. vice & folly - d
-
A parable is...
a. brief story that teaches lessons
b. talking animals
c. no talking animals
d. both a & c - d
- A story that narrates strange or fabulous happenings
- tale
- A short novel
- novella
- Unified structure of incidents in a literary work
- plot
- first stage of a fictional or dramatic plot in which background info is given
- exposition
- struggle between opposing forces in a story or play, usually resolved by the end of the work.
- conflict
- a set of conflicts and crises that constitute that part of a play's or story's plot leading up to the climax
- rising action
- turning point
- climax
- action following the climax of the work that moves it towards its denoumment or resolution
- falling action
- resolution of plot
- denouement
- an interruption of of a work's chronology to describe or present an incident that occured prior to the main time frame of a work's action
- flashback
- character does not change; he or she is the same person at the end of the story as he was at the beginning.
- static character
- fully developed; readers may even be able to anticipate the actions if the characterization is well done and consistent.
- round character
- we know very little about character;not meant to serve as main characters. They serve as necessary elements in plot or as elements of the setting.
- flat character
- recurring image or idea. The repetition of the idea reinforces the value of the image or idea and usually gets the reader to think about theme.
- motif
- one who changes by the end of the story, learning something that changes him or her in a permanent way.
- dynamic character
- the narrator, usually the protagonist, tells the story from his/her perspective using I, me, we, etc.
- 1st person
- the narrator uses pronouns (he/she/they etc.) and is God-like: all knowing. This type of narrator is not limited by time or space.
- third person omniscient
- the narrator tells the story but limits herself to what one character can sense; the limitations are the same as in first person.
- third person limited
- comparison of two generally unlike things meant to illuminate truth. Direct use "is" to make the comparison explicit.
- metaphors
- discrepancy between what is said and what is meant
- verbal irony
- a discrepancy between what is expected, as in action, or as regards the situation/setting, and what one would expect to happen
- situational irony
- a discrepancy between what the character knows and what the reader knows to be true; it's when the reader knows something the character does not know
- dramatic irony
- author's choice of words
- diction
- giving human characteristics to non human things in order to give light to human action, emotion, ideas etc.
- personification
- words that sound like what they mean. Ex: "hiss" sounds like the snake
- onomatopoeia
- exaggeration
- hyperbole
- repetition of beginning sounds in words
- alliteration
- repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds, but with different end consonants in a line, as in the words, date and fade.
- assonance
- reference to something in history, culture, or literature
- allusion
- items or parts that make up a larger picture or story
- details
- directly expressed comparison with like or as
- simile
- arrangement of materials within a work
- structure
- arrangement of words in a sentence
- syntax
- instructive. may be good or bad
- didactic
- combination of opposites
- oxymoron
- statement that seems contradicting but really true
- paradox
- Minor goddess, offers Odysseus immortality, keeps him for 7yrs.
- Calypso
- Odysseus' dog who recognizez master in disguse then dies
- Argos
- Sun god whose cattle is eaten by Odysseus' men
- Helios
- method of literary criticism involving detailed examination of each part of a work
- explication
- brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel that deals iwth only a few characters. epidsodes.
- short story
- escapes danger of song by plugging ears with wax adn tieing Odysseus to the mast
- Sirens
- Cyclops blinded by Odysseus; son of Poseidon
- Polyphemos
-
souls of heroes go
souls of damned go
cross this geographical landmark to get to Hades; immortality -
Elysian Fields
Tartarus
River Styx - Goddess of war & wisdom; fought for Greeks; Brighteyes
- Athena
- Goddess of love & beauty; mother of Aeneas by Trojan shepherd Anchises
- Aphrodite
- son of Leto. punished Cassandra with prophecies no one believes
- Apollo
- God of sea & water. son of Cronus and Rhea. brother of Zeus and Hades. father of Polyphemos.
- Poseidon
- personificaton of strife. created golden apple.
- Eris
- king of Ithaca. son of Laertes & Anticleia. Husband of Penelope. father of Telemachos. Name means at odds. Without a loss. Idea of Trojan Horse
- Odysseus
- bline Theban seer. meets Odysseus in Hades
- Teiresius
- boasted of escape and Poseidon drowned him. Greek
- Ajax the Lesser
- second to Achilles. engaged Hector in single combat. with aid of Athena rescue body of Achilles from Trojans. compete with Oddysseus for Achilles' armor lost & enraged & died
- Ajax the Great
- son of Trojan Hector and Andromache.
- Hectorides
- daughter of Zeus and Demeter of agriculture. wife of Hades. myth of seasons
- Persephone
- King of Dardanus on Mt. Ida. had Aeneas with Aphrodite. taken out of Troy on shoulder's of his son.
- Anchises
- only Trojan to surive war. warned by Hector's shade. son's hair on fire. lost wife in battle. wandered like Odysseus. told story to Queen Dido
- Aeneas
- Daughter of Leda & Zues. wife of Menalaus. Given to Deiophobus after Paris' death. praises Odyssues
- Helen
- bro of Agememnon. king of sparta. fought Paris. killed Deiphobus
- Menalaus
- Motehr of Paris, Hector, Deiphobus Cassandra, Cruesa. captive at end of war
- Queen Hecuba
- wife of Aeneas. begged him not to return to battle the night Troy fell. died and gave Prophecy
- Cruesa
- Wife of Hector. begg him not to fight Achilles. taken as slave to Greece
- Andomache
- King of Troy. order Alexandros killed. sent Paris ot visit Menalus. Asked Achilles to return Hector's body. Died night Troy fell
- King Priam.
- kill Patroclos. took Achilles first set of amor.fought him. funeral ends Illiad
- Hector
- born Alexandros. challenged Menalus. saved by Aphrodite. shot Achilles in heel. died in war
- Paris
- King of Mycenae. wanted Troy's wealth. married to Clytemnestra. kill daughter to get winds. Angered Achilles. took Cassandra as concubine. killed by Aigisthos
- Agamemnon
- son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra. kill Aigisthos in revenge. foil of Telemachos
- Orestes
- King of Pylos. fought survive Trojan war. gave speech to Greeks to accept Hector's challenge
- Nestor
- King of Aos. bF of Odysseus. wounded in battle.
- Diomedes
- Queen of Phaeicea. half sister of Alcinoos. mohter of Nausica
- Arete
- blind bard at palace of King Alcinoos
- Demodocus