The Muscular System
Terms
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Muscles of the Face
Orbicularis oculi
Orb = circular; Ocul = eye -
O – frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around orbit.
I – tissue of eyelid -
Zygomaticus (major or minor)
Zygomatic = cheekbone -
O – zygomatic bone.
I – tissue of eyelid.
CN VII – Cranial Nerve. -
Risorius
Rusir = laughter. -
O – lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle.
I – skin at angle of mouth.
CN VII – Cranial Nerve -
Levator labii superioris
Leva = raise; labi = lip -
O – Zyfomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla.
I – skin and muscle of upper lip
CN VII – Facial Nerve -
Depressor labii inferioris.
Depressor = depresses;
infer = below. -
O – body of mandible lateral to its midline.
I – skin and muscle of lower lip.
CN VII – Facial Nerve. -
Depressor anguli oris.
Angul = angle, corner;
or = mouth. -
O – body of mandible below incusors.
I – skin and muscle at angle of mouth below insertion of zygomaticus.
CN VII – Facial Nerve - Orbicularis oris
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O – arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips.
I – encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth.
CN VII – Facial Nerve -
Mantalis
Ment = chin. -
O – mandible below incisors
I – skin of chin.
CN VII – Facial Nerve. -
Buccinator.
Bucc = cheek or “trumpeter.†-
O – molar region of maxilla and mandible
I – orbicularis oris.
CN VII – Facial Nerve. -
Platysma.
Platy = broad, flat. -
O – fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoid)
I – lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth.
CN V – Trigeminal Nerve. -
Muscles of Mastication.
Masseter
Maseter = chewer. -
O – zygomatic arch and maxilla.
I – angle and ramus of mandible.
CN V – Trigeminal Nerve. -
Temporalis.
Tempora = time; pertaining to the temporal bone. -
O – temporal fossa.
I – coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch.
CN V – Trigeminal Nerve. -
Muscles Promoting Tongue Movements. (Extrinsic)
Genioglossus
Geni = chin;
glossus = tongue. -
O – internal surface of mandible near symphysis.
I – inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone.
CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve. -
Hyoglossus
Hyo = pertaining to hyoid bone. -
O – body and greater horn of hyoid bone
I -- inferolateral tongue.
CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve. -
Styloglossus
Stylo = pertaining to styloid process. -
O – styloid process of temporal bone.
I – inferolateral tongue.
CN XII – Hypoglossal Nerve. - Superhyoid Muscles
- Muscles that help form floor of oral cavity, anchor tongue, elevate hyoid, and move larynx superiorly during swallowing; lie superior to hyoid bone.
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Digastric.
Di = two; gaster = belly. -
O – lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)
I – by a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone.
Mandibular branch of CN V for anterior belly; CN VII for posterior belly. - Styloyoid .
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O – styloid process of temporal bone.
I – hyoid bone.
CN VII – Facial Nerve. -
Mylohyoid
Myle = molar -
O – medial surface of mandible.
I – hyoid bones and median raphe.
Mandibular branch of CN V -
Genoihyoid.
Geni = chin. -
O – inner surface of mandibular symphysis.
I – hyoid bone.
First cervical spinal nerve via CN XII hypoglossal nerve. - Infrahyoid Muscles.
- Straplike muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speaking.
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Sternohyoid.
Sterno = sternum. -
O – manubrium and medial end of clavicle .
I – lower margin of hyoid bone.
First cervical spinal nerve via CN XII hypoglossal nerve. -
Sternothyroid.
Thyro = thyroid cartilage. -
O – posterior surface of manubrium of sternum.
I – thyroid cartilage.
First cervical spinal nerve via CN XII hypoglossal nerve. - .Pharyngeal constrictor muscles Superior, Middle, and Inferior.
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O – attached anteriorly to mandible and medial ptergoid plate (superior), lyoid bone (middle), and laryngeal cartilages (inferior)
I – posterior median raphe of pharynx.
Pharyngeal plexus (branches of vagus (X -
Sternocleidomastoid – STM.
Sterno = breastbone; cleido = clavicle; mastoid = mastoid process. -
O – manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.
I – mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line o occipital bone.
Accessory nerve CN XI and branches of cervical spinal nerves. - Erector spinae, also called sacrospinalis.
- Prime mover of back extension; erector spinae muscles, each consisting of three columns- the iliocostalis, longussumus, and sponalis muscles—form intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles; erector spinae provide resistance that helps control action of bending forward at the waist and act as a pwerfl extensors to promote return to erect positions; during full flexion.
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Longissimus
Thoracis, cervices, and capitis parts.
Longissimus = longest. -
O – transverse processes of lumber through cervical vertebrae.
I – transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to origin as indicated by name; capitis inserts into mastoid process of temporal bone.
Spinal Nerves (Dorsal rami) -
Spinalis
thoracis, cervicis, and capitis regions.
semi = half; thorac = thorax. -
O - spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertabae.
I - spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertabrae.
Spinal Nerves (Dorsal rami) -
quadratus lumborum
quad = four-sided;
lumb = lumbar region -
O - iliac crest and lumber fascia.
I - transverse processes of upper lumber vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib. -
External intercostals
external = towards the outside; inter = between; cost = ribs -
O - inferior border of rib above.
I - superior border of rib below.
Intercostal Nerves. -
Internal intercostals
internal = towards the inside, deep. -
O - superior border of rib below.
I - inferior border (costal groove) of rib above.
Intercostal Nerves. -
Diaphragm.
dia = across;
phragm = partition. -
O - inferior, internal furface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae.
I - central tendon.
Phrenic Nerves.