Auntminnie
Terms
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copy deck
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what is it? -
Azygos continuation of IVC still has a short segment of IVC that connects hepatic veins to R atrium. There is no infrahepatic or intrahepatic IVC, however. -
? -
More of the same -
What is this? -
Same thing as this.
Multiple meningiomas. - How would you present this case?
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Images are T1, gadolinium enhanced.
MRI of the brain demonstrates multiple extraaxial enhancing mass lesions throughout the brain. The largest of these lesions is near the splenium of the corpus collusum in a posterior left sagittal location. Lesions are noted extending into the falx cerebri, tentorium and convexity dura. Smaller lesions are also identified in the left cerebellopontine angle, sphenoid wings bilaterally, within the sylvain fissures and adjacent to the transverse sinus. The lesions are slightly hyperintense to brain matter on proton density and T2 weighted images. - What percentage of meningiomas calcify?
- 20%
- How often to meningiomas hemorrhage?
- They do not
- Where are meningiomas that are most likely to produce a lot of edema located?
- Cerebral cortex
- In what disease can multiple meningiomas be seen?
- NF2
- What other lesions are seen in NF2?
- Peripheral nerve tumors (schwannomas) and ependymomas
- What is BOOP a common example of?
- Chronic interstial lung disease
- What is the idiopathic variety of BOOP called?
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COP
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia - What age group gets the idiopathic variety?
- Middle age (40-60)
- What percent of cases are idiopathic?
- 50%
- What are known causes of BOOP?
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Toxic fume or dust inhalation
Post infectious (mycoplasma, fungal, or viral)
Connective tissue disease
Smoking
Organ transplantation/Chronic graft-vs-host disease
Drug toxicity (Amiodarone)
BOOP has also been described in the contralateral lung following radiation therapy - What is the typical presentation?
- Dry cough lasting 2-12 weeks with other constitutional symptoms
- What is the appearance of BOOP on CXR
- Like an organizing pneumonia
- What is the appearance of an organizing pneumonia?
- Bilateral patchy peripheral alveolar infiltrates
- The infiltrates are predominantly where in 60% of cases?
- Subpleural
- What is appearance on HRCT?
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80%. . .
Bilateral
patchy
subpleural
basilar
consolidations (dense, i.e. not just ground glass)
AND/OR
60%. . .
Ground glass opacities - What are other findings associated with BOOP?
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Large, peripheral areas of irregularly marginated mass-like consolidation (20%)
Peribronchial thickening is common.
Centrilobular nodular densities ranging in size from 1 to 10 mm (sometimes larger), which may be well or poorly defined (30-50%)
Adenopathy (25%)
effusion (up to 30%) of cases -
what is it? - Accessory navicular. Seen in 5%. Represents one of the two navicular ossification centers.
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what is it? - Also accessory navicular. Larger size more likely to be symptomatic.
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what is it? - Also accessory navicular. Larger size more likely to be symptomatic.
- What group most commonly develops accessory navicular?
- Flat foot
- What tendon is most responsible for preventing flat foot?
- Posterior tibial tendon.
- Where does posterior tibial tendon attach?
- To this secondary ossification center on medial navicular
- What is etiology of accessory navicular in these patients?
- Excessive pull on this ossicle as posterior tibial tendon tries to compensate for flat foot, disallowing fusion of the two ossivication centers.
- What is os trigonum?
- Unfused lateral tubercle of talus.
- What is differential diagnosis?
- Shephard's fracture = fracture of lateral talar tubercle.
- Where is os peroneus?
- Poserolateral surface of cuboid.
- What is os peroneus associated with?
- Peroneus longus tendon
- Where does peroneus longus tendon run?
- Around and under cuboid, across plantar aspect of foot.
- Where does peroneus longus tendon insert?
- First metatarsal.
- What is os vesalinum?
- Unfused accessory ossification center of base of fifth metatarsal.
- What is problem with that?
- Could mimic avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal.
- What tendons insert on this ossification center?
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Peroneus brevus
Peroneus tertius