Chapter 25 Terms (07-08)
Terms
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- Russian Political Parties
- Social Revolutionary Party, Social Democratic Party (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks)
- Pogroms
- A type of riot against a certain group of people, typically used to refer to attacks by Russians against Jews.
- Benjamin Disraeli
- (1874-1880), extended the vote to all middle-class males and the best-paid workers. He was willing to risk this "leap in the dark" in order to broaden the Conservative party's traditional base of aristocratic and landed support.
- Intelligensia and The Peoples Will Party
- The Intelligenisia were the Enlightened Russians and the Peoples Will Party was their first politcal organization. They made demands on Alex II to create a fair-self governed government
- Realpolitik
- An idea of politics based on practical consideration, not idealisms. Essentially, the realism of politics
- William Gladstone
- (1892 - 1894), "My mission is to pacify Ireland",introduced bills to give Ireland self-government in 1886 and in 1893. They failed to pass.
- Pope Pius IX
- Wrote Syllabus of Errors in which he strongly denounced rationalism, socialism, separation of church and state, and religious liberty, denying that "the Roman pontiff can and ought to reconcile and align himself with progress, liberalism, and modern civilization."
- Crimean War
- A war between Russia and an alliance of France, Britain, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire with most of the conflict taking place on the Crimean Peninsula
- Napoleon III
- The nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, the first president and the second and last emperor of France, Napoleon III was in control of France during the Franco-Prussian war
- Russo Japan War
- A war fought between Russia and Japan over control of Korea and Manchuria. The Russians were still looking for a warm water port, but the Japanese who were seeking to exclusively control these ports humiliated Russia with a long string of defeats
- Kulturkampf
- The political struggles for the rights and self government of the Catholic Church in Prussia
- Syllabus of Errors
- A document released under Pope Pius IX that condemned certain rights such as freedom of speech and separation of church and state.
- Orsini
- Was a leader of the Carbonari who attempted to assassinate Napoleon III of France in order to create Italian nationalism and patriotism.
- Zemstvo
- A local government set up during the liberal reforms in Russia under Alexander II. after the October Revolution in 1864 the Zemstvo was shut down
- Risorgimento
- The political and social movement that created a unified Italy from the many different states of the Italian peninsula
- Internationals and May Day
- May 1. 1st International had demonstrations all over and that fun stuff
- German Parliament
- Bundersrat and the lower elected house- Reichstag
- Victor Emmanuel II
- He was king of Sardinia, Piedmont and Savory until 1861 when he was crowned the first king of a united Italy
- Dreyfus Affair
- Anti-Semitic event involving a Jewish Captain in the French army who was falsely accused of treason.
- Garibaldi
- General of the Risorgimento and hero of Southern Italy. He picked up men along his route to unite Italy in the South and generally liked the people. They saw him as one of them. He cared first and foremost about a united Italy and secondly about a republic. He lent his support to Cavour for the good of Italy
- Danish War
- Bismarck attacked Denmark to convince N. Germany prussia was thier protector. Prussia won and gain the territories ofscleswig-holstien
- Zollverein
- A German Custom's Unit formed to remove tariffs and trade barriers from inside the German Confederation in the 19th century.
- 1871
- German unification
- Napoleon's books
- This is Louis Napoleon (Bonaparte FYI. Anyway part of the reason he became so popular and was so easily elected was due to his "positive program" for France which was discussed in Napoleonic Ideas and The Elimination of Poverty (he actually wrote this one in prison when he had tried to overthrow Louis Philppe's govt)
- Kaisar Wilhelm I
- First king of Germany, greatly manipulated by Bismark, pretty much let bismark run things for him, kind of sucked, if it werent for Bismark he probably wouldve run the country into the ground, wanted to conquer austria and do other dumb stuff
- Carbonari
- Meaning 'Charcoal Burners' this group was an Italian group of revolutionaries with liberal and patriotic ideas. They played a large part in the Risorgimento.
- 1861
- Italian unification
- Franco-Prussian War
- Germany invaded France, a common enemy of all the german states who united to fight them. France got dominated as well and then they seiged paris and shelled it. France had to give them 5 billion dollars and Alsace, Lorraine
- David Lloyd-George
- (1916 - 1922), substantially raised taxes on the rich as part of the People's Budget. This income helped thegovernment pay for national health insurance, unemployment benefits,old-age pensions, and a host of other social measures. The statewas integrating the urban masses socially as well as politically.
- Ems Dispatch
- A telegram edited by Bismark to insult the French people while making it sound as though they had insulted the Prussians. This led to the Franco-Prussian wars which Prussia won handily and violently. The French people never forgave the Prussians, setting the stage for World War I
- Duma
- Reintroduced by Nicholas II (we don't need to know about the first time it was around) in the early 1900s, it was a group of elected citizens of all classes who (were supposed to have) aided the king. They were called three times and every time disbanded, the third time even resulted in several of the Duma being killed.
- Cavour
- Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, technically lead by Viktor Immanuel. He was rather Machiavelli and used wars and manipulation to pull Italy together. Very effective.
- Russia's largest state run organization
- Railroads, Trans-siberian, made transition to Communism easy
- Bloody Sunday
- On January 22nd 1905 a crowd of 200,000 unarmed Russians singing praises to Nicholas II peacefully asked for simple rights, but were assaulted by the Tsar's police force. The number killed is uncertain, the Russian government claims 96 dead and 333 wounded, but the people claimed 4000 deaths, the typically accepted death toll is around 1000.
- German Industrial Growth
- Zollverein and isolationism lead to greater factory systems
- Dual Monarchy
- This happened in Austria after Prussia defeated Austria in the 7 weeks war. Austro Hungarian Empire divided basically into two parts. The nationalistic Magyars controlled Hungary while Austria stayed the same. The two groups shared a monarchy and ministers of finance defence and foreign affairs.
- Mazzini
- An idealistic patriot who preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal male suffrage and the will of the people.
- Austro-Prussian War
- Prussia wanted to convince the S. Germanstates they were thier protector not austria, so they attacked Austria, lasted 7 weeks. and dominated thier army then made themselves seem nice and left b/cthey felt they proved thier point