Geog200 Final
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- What are the 4 main ethnic groups in the USSR?
- Russian, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Byelorussian
- What are the 4 three ethnic families in USSR?
- Slav, Turk, Finn, Caucasian
- What is the ethnic make-up of Russia?
- Russian, Tartar, Ukrainian, and other
- What is the moisture/temperatuve imbalance?
- Where it\'s wet, it\'s too cold. Where it\'s warm, it\'s too dry.
- What is the difference between extensive and intensive agriculture?
- Intensive: High input of resources Extensive: Small input of resources
- Which 3 cities form the fertile triangle?
- St. Petersburg, Irkutsk, Odessa
- What is friction of distance?
- Greater distance equals less interaction. Transporting over water is most economical.
- What is \"Virgin Lands?\"
- Khruchev\'s agricultural program in the Kaza Steppe
- What did the Lieberman Reforms do?
- Revived economy in the 1960s by saying that all economic regions must break even.
- What is Perestroika?
- (restructuring) political and economic reforms proposed by Gorbachev.
- What is Glasnost?
- (publicity) policy of governmental openness proposed by Gorbachev.
- How much larger is Russia than the US?
- 2.5 times.
- How many times zones does Russia encompass?
- 11
- How much of Russia is above 55 degrees north?
- About 80-85%
- What is the theme of Russian architecture?
- Expression
- How is Russian culture reborn?
- Through its architecture.
- How has Russian culture persisted?
- Through oral tradition.
- What is the attitude toward appearance in clothing, building, etc?
- Function over form.
- What is the shape of skylines in Russian?
- Bowl-shaped. No imminent domain, so older, shorter buildings remain.
- How is agriculture the \"tyranny of geography?\"
- Geography was a tyrant to agriculture. Poor agriculture.
- What are the 4 factors affecting Russian agriculture?
- Physical geography, temperature, precipitation, soils
- What are the three segments of agriculture?
- Collective farms, state operated, and private
- What are characteristics of collective farms?
- 85% of farmlands. Grew out of the communes plan proposed by Lenin in 1917. He gave incentive to those who chose to work in industry. Stalin proposed in 1924 that the government owns the entire farm. In 1986, Gorbachev initiated the 70/30 program. Government gets 70% of yield, farmer gets 30%.
- What are characteristics of state farms?
- 13% of farmland. Involves Virgin Lands program which tried to expand the fertile triangle with hybrid crops.
- What are characteristics of backyard gardens/private farms?
- 2% of farm land. Uses intensive agriculture.
- What leads to the lack of success in Russian agriculture?
- Lack of incentive-economist view Poor planning-political science view Tyranny of geography-Jack\'s view
- What is a major industrial product?
- Steel.
- What are major industrial areas and what do they produce?
- Moscow/Gorki/Leningrad: Light industry, textiles Ukraine: Steel and all necessary materials to make it including coal, iron, and petroleum Ural Mountains: Metal ore, iron, petroleum Karaganda: Coal, some iron Kuznetsk: Coal, some iron
- What isn\'t necessary in Russian industry?
- Profit. Their goal is to make even, not a profit.
- Why was communism successful for so long?
- Because the steel mills were not put in Ukraine, but in central Russia as Stalin wanted. This protected it from Germany in WWII.
- What is the industry of the Kirov area?
- Forestry.
- What kind of economy exists?
- Barter
- Lenin
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1st president of USSR
leader of communist party - Stalin
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2nd leader of USSR
ruled with the iron fist
killed millions in the purges
moved country toward totalitarianism
developed the Collective Farm - Gorbachev
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7th and final leader of USSR
Perestroika - economic reforms
Glasnot - openness
had difficulty moving the country because of pressures from the Party Leaders - Yeltsin
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1st democratic leader of Russia
dissolved the Duma (lower house) be force - Putin
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2nd democratic leader
current Prime Minister
very popular
working to restore Russian prestige worldwide
leading Russia from the wings
hard core nationalist - very appealing to people - Medvedev
- current president
- Russian Culture
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seen as the largest threat to the Sovietization of USSR
- Efforts to Weaken Russian Culture
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destruction of churches especially if political
history in schools did not cover time before communist revolution
artists, authors, and other politically motivated people were exiled, sent to Gulags in Siberia or killed - "Russification"
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Jack - not valid term
used by many scholars
communists were trying to create soviets and wanted to sovietize the diverse population