US 1 AP (Early Exploration and Settlement of the Colonies)
Terms
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- Christopher Columbus
- A man who established a permanent connection between Europe and the Americas, he accidentally bumped into the Americas while searching for an alternate route to India.
- John Winthrop
- A religious man who ruled Massachusetts. He solely believed that people were on this world to do God's work
- Anne Hutchinson
- The first woman and American feminist to stand up against the government. She thought that people did not need the church to teach how to read the Bible. She was banished and eventually killed by Native Americans.
- Philip Carteret / John Berkeley
- Founders of New Jersey. Were granted land by King around the same time as the Duke of York was given land.
- John Smith
- a man who was the first to whip Jamestown into shape. Introduced laws as well as justice. "No work, No food"
- Roger Williams
- A Separatist who believed in the separation of church and state entirely. He founded Providence and co-founded Rhode Island on the basis of religious freedom.
- Peter Stuyvesant
- A man instated by the Dutch West India Company who had a military approach to shaping-up New Amsterdam. He passionately ruled NA, even bringing it to be a very successful and diverse colony, until he had to reluctantly give it up.
- William Bradford
- The leader of the Pilgrims settlers of Plymouth who sought religious freedom from England. He guided the Mayflower Compact writing and signing. Became Plymouth governor.
- William Penn
- A Quaker who founded Pennsylvania. He wanted a land with religious freedom, unrestricted immigration, and got it as well. He was granted land for the king b/c of a debt to his father.
- Sir George Calvert / Lord Baltimore
- Brothers and founders of Maryland. Maryland was the first propriatary colony and was made to be a Catholic Haven.
- Conquistadores
- a 16th-century Spanish soldiers who defeated the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, and/or Peru.
- Mestizos
- people of mixed European & Native American background
- Columbian Exchange
- the exchange of objects from the New World to the Old World and vice versa. Includes animals, plants, and especially diseases.
- Jamestown
- the first permanent English settlement in North America.
- Powhatan Confederacy
- a very powerful group of Native Americans who took John Smith hostage, almost killed him, freed him, and later on attacked Jamestown after he left to go to England. Upon returning everything was once again sorted out. However, once Pochahontas and Powhaten both died, the Powhaten tribe tried getting their land back, and thus many were killed by the English.
- Mayflower Compact
- a pact promising a step towards genuine self-government, made on the Mayflower when they realized they were off-course.
- General Court
- The state legislature of Massachusetts or New Hampshire.
- Pilgrims (Separatists)
- people unsatisfied with the Church of England. Wanted to find a haven where they could live and die as English men and women. The church of English allowed "damned" people like English subjects. They wanted to be completely separate from the church
- Predestination
- destiny, predetermined fate of eternal damnation or bliss. It made settlers feel better in England
- Quakers
- a certain group within Christianity that rejects formal sacraments, ministry, and believes in non-violence. (William Penn was a Quaker)
- Act of Toleration (Maryland's Toleration Act)
- A law passed giving complete religious freedom to all CHRISTIANS, and Christians only. Blacks and Jews were still looked very lowly upon.
- Joint-stock company
- a company funded and run by a group of investors who share the company's profits and losses
- Proprietorship
- the act of exercising private ownership, control or use over a property, usually to the exclusion of other parties.
- Fundamental Rights .of Order (CT) also called Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
- the first modern constitution that established a gov't that was ruled by the "substantial" citizens. It was made in 1639 by the settlers of the then new Connecticut River colony.
- Headright System
- a system of obtaining land in colonial times in which one received fifty acres of land for every emigrant to America one sponsored
- King Philip's War (Metacom)
- a vicious war led by Metacom that destroyed 12 towns, hundreds of dead colonists, thousands of dead Indians. After they were defeated there was virtually no more resistance.
- Charter of Liberties (1701)
- A charter written by William Penn for Pennsylvania exercising the right for freedom of religion and unrestricted immigration.
- Economiendo
- the attempt of Christianizing Native Americans by giving them to certain colonists
- St. Augustine, Florida
- location of a fort built by the Spanish in Florida to help block the French.
- Indentured Servant
- an individual who seals an agreement with a benefactor who will pay for their voyage to the colonies if they work for them for a number of years.
- Virginia Company
- A wealthy company in London that began the colonization to the United States by looking for gold.
- House of Burgesses
- One of the first legislative houses. Ruled over Maryland and Virginia. Decided governor's salary.
- Blue Laws
- Laws taking place on Sundays prohibiting any type of activity other than religious activities
- Massachusetts Body of Liberties
- The constitution for Massachusetts that excersized the practice of self-government so long that it "be in no wise offensive" to the English government.
- Puritans
- certain Protestants in 16th and 17th century English who believed in strict religious discipline and called for the simplification of acts of worship. Wanted church to change their ways, they were furthermore unfairly religiously prosecuted.
- Great Migration
- 70,000 Puritans came over from English to avoid religious persecution
- Royal Colony
- a colony with a governor appointed by the king
- New England Confederation
- a group of individuals (2 reps for each of the four colonies; Plymouth, Massachusetts's Bay, Connecticut, & New Haven) that formed a temporary self-government for protection from the Indians while English was in civil war. Lasted until 1984, when English regained control.
- Dutch West India Company
- a successful company, taking its roots in the Netherlands, who established New Amsterdam (the pre-New York) for solely economic purposes. NA was always a secondary interest to them.