Science Vocabulary Ch. 10 & 11
Terms
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- clastic rock
- Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure.
- geode
- A hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown.
- alloy
- A solid mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
- crystallization
- The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure
- streak
- The color of a mineral's powder
- chemical rock
- Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution
- igneous rock
- A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
- deposition
- The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it.
- cleavage
- A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces.
- cementation
- The process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass
- rock-forming mineral
- One of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks of Earth's crust
- smelting
- The process by which ore is melted to separate the useful metal from other elements.
- intrusive rock
- Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.
- sediment
- Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms.
- metamorphic rock
- A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
- mineral
- a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
- fracture
- The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
- rock cycle
- A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly change rocks from one kind to another
- basalt
- A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust
- vein
- A narrow deposit of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock
- crystal
- A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again.
- organic rock
- Sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers.
- inorganic
- Not formed from living things or the remains of living things
- gemstone
- A hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster
- solution
- A mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another.
- texture
- The look and feel of a rock's surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains.
- non-foliated
- The mineral grains in these rocks are arranged randomly
- foliated
- Term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
- erosion
- The destructive process in which water or wind loosens and carries away fragments of rock
- granite
- A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust
- sedimentary rock
- A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
- luster
- The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
- coral reef
- A structure of calcite skeletons built up by coral animals in warm, shallow ocean water.
- grains
- The particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture
- extrusive rock
- Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface.
- ore
- Rock that contains a metal or economically useful mineral
- Mohs hardness scale
- A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals.
- compaction
- The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight.