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Science Test #2

Terms

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asthenosphere
partially melted rock
convergent boundary
plates move together, the edge of one plate moves down into the asthenosphere and is melted by high temperatures.
seismic waves
vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
reverse fault
a fault where the ground cracks as rocks are pushed together. one side slides up and over the other side to a higher level. compression causes this type of fault.
Surface waves
when P & S waves reach the surface; move slowly; shake building from side to side.
strike-slip fault
a fault where rocks break and a block of land moves sideways. shearing causes this type of fault.
outer core
iron and nickel
plate tectonics
theory scientists use to explain plate movements.
transform fault boundary
plates grind past each other without forming new crust or melting old crust
S waves
after P waves; called secondary waves; vibrate side to side and p and down; shake ground back and forth; when they reach the surface, they shake structure violently
seismograph
records ground movement and vibrations caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth.
normal fault
a type of fault where the ground cracks as rocks are pulled apart. one side slides down to a lower level. tension causes this type of fault.
inner core
iron and solid
crust
made of granite, under oceans is made of denser basalt
divergent boundary
plates move apart, magma or molten rock from below Earth's surface oozes up forming new crust
Earthquakes
shaking and rumbling that results from the movement of rock beneath the Earth's surface.
fault
a crack or break in the Earth's crust where rocks have shifted. usually occur along plate boundaries.
lithosphere
cool, solid portion of the Earth
mantle
some mantle melted, mostly solid
P waves
first waves during and earthquake; called primary waves; compress and expands ground like and accordion

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