Evolution
Terms
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- Theory of Use and Disuse
- a. If you use a particular trait, it will be kept and passed on to next generation. b. If you don't use a particular trait, it will disappear
- Disruptive Selection
- In polygenic traits the average trait is selected against and the 2 extreme traits are preferred
- Genetic Recombination
- 1) law of Independant Assortment 2)Crossing Over
- gametic isolation
- part of reprodcutive isolation: protein receptors on the egg cell do not match the protein receptors on sperm cell
- mold
- an organism gets buried by mud, then the mud hardens; organism decays then an outline of organism exists
- Darwin
- Are Lamarck's or Darwin's ideas accepted now?
- behavioral isolation
- part of reprodcutive isolation: courtship pattern is different
- impression
- organism steps into a soft material, the material hardens so a partial print remains
- phylogenetic tree
- how you get the evolution of organisms over time
- extreme cold
- preservation of soft tissue (Wooly Mammouth)
- Theory of Aquired Characteristics, Theory of Use and Disuse
- What are Lamarcks 2 theories?
- vestigial structure
- structure still exists, but no longer has a function (human appendix, human tail bone, human wisdom teeth, human little toe)
- Gradualism
- the evolution of the species occured gradually over time
- homologous structures
- similar in structure, different in function (hand of human, flipper of whale, wing of bird)
- anaerobic condition
- no oxygen present, bacteria of decay caon't survive without oxygen, so no decay of organism will occur (fish)
- Stabilizing Selection
- In polygenic traitsthe average trait is preferred and the 2 extreme traits are selected against
- variation, overproduction, competition, adaptation, natural selection, speciation
- What is the theory of natural selection?
- analogous structures
- different in structure, similar in function (wing of bird, wing of bee)
- Convergent Evolution
- A type of speciation where different species begin to evolve and look similar in structure because they have similar surviving traits int the environment
- Coevolution
- A type of speciation where the interaction between 2 species that couae them to evolve and have certain structures (birds and flowers)
- mechanical isolation
- part of reprodcutive isolation: different reproductive organs
- bottleneck effect
- Onte type of genetic drift where a small population is affected by hurricane, flooding, earthquake (some die out and some surivive)
- amber
- trees will release sap and coat any insect on tree, then sap hardens into...
- Darwin; Gould and Eldredge
- Who discovered gradualism? Punctuated Equilibrium?
- geographic isolation
- A type of speciation where species seperated by a land barrier (river, nountain, vallye, continent shifting) even if the 2 populations came together, they are so different they are considered different species
- Mutation, Genetic Recombination, Migration, Gene expression
- Sources of Variation
- Punctuated Equilibrium
- the population remains relatively constant and then evolves quickly over time
- Mutation
- Change in DNA occurs in the genetics of the gametes (not somatic cells(body cells))
- tar pits
- an organism gets trapped into a..., then (sedimentary) rocks will cover the organism and preserve in anearobic conditions
- reproductive isolation
- A type of speciation where reproductive mechanism causing species not to produce offspring
- petrification
- organism that has minerals that slowly replace the soft tissue (plants)
- Theory of Aquired Characteristics
- If you need a trait to survive, then you will gain (aquire) it.
- Directional Selection
- In polygenic traits one extreme is favored over another extreme
- founder's effect
- Onte type of genetic drift where a small representative of the population moving (migrating) to a new area and populate it
- genetic drift
- small population that is affected by a random event (by chance)
- Migration
- individuals move into or out of a population
- Divergent evolution
- A type of speciation where a common ancestor which evolves into different species and depending upon which organisms are best adapted to its environment
- temporal isolation
- part of reprodcutive isolation: time differences when organism wants to mate (seasonal polinations of plants)
- Weismann
- Who refuted lamarck's idea of use and disuse by conducting a mice experiment. (cut tails off, bread mice, offspring had tails, repeated experiment, offspring born with tails)