archaeology midterm2 compacted

Start Studying!

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

5 steps in field processing: cleaning, conservation, labeling, inventory, cataloging
3 attribute characteristics: stylistic, form, technological
3 dimensions of patterning: space, time, form
2 ways to classify: taxonomic, paradigmatic
taxonomic: Break into smaller and smaller groups based into presence/absence of various attributes
Break into smaller and smaller groups based into presence/absence of various attributes: taxonomic
paradigmatic classification: no hierarchy
classifying creates _____: typologies
_______ creates typologies: classifying
2 ways to define space: cultures, sub-cultures
what are cultures mainly defined by?: what people ate
what are sub-culture areas mainly defined by?: material culture
2 ways to define time: period, horizons
periods are defined by...: ...material culture
horizons are defined by...: ...cultural traditions
phases define...: ...space and time
temporal types: Items of material culture (not just artifacts) that show patterned changes over time
time markers: Artifacts that show patterned changes over time
assemblages: Artifacts of several classes of materials from a defined context
components: Strata/um that are culturally homogeneous (site specific)
many assemblages create...: ...components
components are made up of...: ...assemblages
many components create...: ...phases
phases are made up of...: ...components
problem with dendochronology: old wood problem
what do photosynthetic pathways negatively affect?: radiocarbon dating
why are photosynthetic pathways detrimental to radiocarbon dating?: different plants take in carbon in different ways, create different radiocarbon dates
what does the reservoir effect negatively affect?: radiocarbon dating
what do de vries effects negatively affect?: radiocarbon dating
what does the old wood problem negatively affect?: dendochronology and radiocarbon dating
why does the reservoir effect negatively affect radiocarbon dating?: amount of carbon taken in may depend on environment, produces different dates
why do the de vries effects negatively affect radiocarbon dating?: carbon-14 in atmosphere varies, produces different dates
how does accelerator mass spectrometry work?: it counts the carbon isotope proportion directly
how does trapped charge dating work?: Looks at trapped electrons to determine total radiation received
how does thermoluminescence dating work?: looks at last time something was heated
how does optically stimulated luminescence dating work?: looks at last time something was exposed to sunlight
what does electron spin resonance date?: tooth enamel and buried stone tools
what do potassium-argon and argon-argon dating date?: rocks
what does potassium-argon dating measure?: decay of potassium into argon
what does argon-argon dating measure?: relative amounts of different kinds of argon
in direct dating...: the actual remains are analyzed
in indirect dating...: things associated with the remains are analyzed
in relative dating...: ...there is no fixed time scale
in absolute dating...: ...there is a fixed time scale
how do stratigraphic analysis/geochronology work?: Date materials in dirt layers relative to materials in others
how does one use index fossils/biostratigraphy?: Date cultural material relative to plants or animals
how do temporal types work?: Date remains relative to a known temporal type
How do you date with seriation?: Place things in a sequence
What is FUN dating done on?: bone
What does FUN dating measure: Ratio of F, U, and N
what is the theory behind archaeomagnitism?: Iron particles will point toward position of north pole when they are heated, the position of the NP changes, so this indicates a certain year
what kind of dating is obsidian hydration?: absolute
what kind of dating is archaeomagnitism?: absolute
what kind of dating is FUN?: relative
what kind of dating is temporal typing?: relative
what kind of dating is biostratigraphy?: relative
what kind of dating is stratigraphic analysis?: relative
what kind of dating is geochronology?: relative
culture: All the resources of society that provide ability to adapt to environment
culture changes behavior in what 3 ares?: technology, social systems, ideology
diagnostic attributes are limited in...: ...space and time
artifacts can suggest presence of a culture if they have some...: ...diagnostic attributes
4 kinds of chipped stone materials: chert, flint, obsidian, quartz/quartzite
3 kinds of ground stone materials: granite, basalt, slate
3 ways to figure out how a lithic is made: lithic reconstruction, experimental archaeology, ethnoarchaeology
how is experimental archaeology used to figure out how a lithic is made?: try to make the lithic, figure out easiest/cheapest method
how is ethnoarchaeology used to figure out how a lithic is made?: look at how people make lithics today
how ae use-wear/microwear analyses used to figure out the function of a lithic?: look at polish on used edge
4 ways to figure out function of a lithic: use-wear/microwear, residue analysis, experimental archaeology, ethnoarchaeology
6 ways to make pottery: wheel, coil, slab, paddle/anvil, mold, pinch
5 ways to decorate pottery: incising, punctate/embossing, cording, dentate, paint/slips
3 ways to analyze pottery: x-ray, ceramic thin-section, residue analysis
4 hide processing tools: flesher, antler tine pressure flaker, bison scapula hoe, awls
biological anthropology: Studies biological nature of humans and their ancestors
bioarcharology: Study human ancestors
physical anthropologists: Study physical characteristics of humans and how they change
forensic anthropologists: Study physical and biological characteristics of human remains
6 ways human tissue preserves: mummies, ice, fire, cannibalism, burial, mineral replacement/fossilization
4 types of burial contexts: mounds, cemetaries, tombs, ossuaries
what is stable isotope analysis used to study?: health
what does stable isotope analysis measure?: ratios of isotopes from bone collagen
what does carbon tell about in stable isotope analysis?: plant resources
what does nitrogen tell about in stable isotope analysis?: marine/land resources
what does strontium tell about in stable isotope analysis?: meat/plant diets
2 indicators of childhood growth arrest: harris lines, enamel hypoplasias
where was iron deficiency anemia found?: stillwater
2 indicators of iron deficiency anemia: porotic hyperostosis, cribra orbitalia
2 ways to study age: epiphyses, pubic symphysis
The ends of bones that fuse to the main shaft or portion of bone: epiphyses
Taphonomic studies try to determine how...: ecofacts (plant and animal remains) end up in sites
taxon: species, genus, family, etc.
used MNI at...: Agate Basin and Chavin de Huanar
Ch'arki was analyzed at...: Chavin de Huantar
What was determined at Stillwater Marsh?: Carbonized seeds had been gathered to eat, figured out because of phytoliths
What was studied at Hidden Cave?: coprolites
What was researched at Mantaro Valley?: wood use
what was studied at Carson Desert (26CH1062)?: bones

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 97