Ch 3 vocab
Chapter 3 vocabulary
Terms
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- Eightfold Path
- the Middle Way and part of the Buddha taught as the means to nirvana or enlightenment
- Ramses the Great
- Pharoah of Egypt; he led an army against Hittite invaders of Egypt. He ruled Egypt with extravagance and built more temples and monuments than any other Egyption Pharoah
- Buddhism
- the religion founded by Buddha Siddhartha Gautama which teaches the four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path
- obelisks
- tall thin pillars with pyramid-shaped tops
- pharoah
- ruler of ancient Egypt
- yoga
- a series of physical and mental exercises that teaches people how to focus their bodies and minds
- Rosetta Stone
- a granite stone found in 1799 that bears an inscription in hieroglyphics, demotic characters, and Greek; gave the first clue to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics
- Buddha
- founder of Buddhism. Also known as Siddhartha Gautama. He gave up princely life to search for truth and enlightenment. He established the Buddhist religion based on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path
- Jainism
- a religion of India founded about the same (time?) as Buddhism and in reaction to some Hindu practices. belivers renounce worldly things, embrace self-dicipline, and practice non-violence
- ahisma
- in Jainism, nonviolence and respect for all living things
- varnas
- the four social classes in Vedec society
- papyrus
- a paper-like material made by anccient Egyptions from teh stem of the reedy plant of the same name, which grows in the Nile River delta.
- citadel
- a fortress
- Middle Way
- basic Buddhist teachings of the Eightfold Path. It advises people to live in moderation, avoiding teh extremes of either comfort or discomfort in the search for nirvana
- dharma
- in Hinduism, the religious and moral duties of an individual
- Daoism
- a system of ideas and beliefs based on teh teachings of Chinese thinker Laozi, who believed that people should live a simple, honest life and not interfere with the course of natural events
- smelt
- to melt or fuse metal in order to separate the metallic components
- mummification
- the process of preserving the body with chemicals after death
- dynastic cycle
- the rise and fall of the Chinese dynasties
- oracle bones
- inscribed animal bones used to predict the future
- Hinduism
- the largest religion in India; followers of this religion believe that everything in the world is a power of Brahman, the single great universal being. They also believe in reincarnation and strive to break free from teh cycle of rebirth.
- Plankhi
- king of ancient Kush; he led the Kushites north into Egypt, conquering all of Egypt and making himself pharoah
- nirvana
- in Buddhism, the release from the world and the achievement of peace and enlightenment
- Confucianism
- a belief system based on the teaching of Chinese philosopher Confucius (551-479BC) that stressed treating one another humanely and honoring one's family
- hierglyphics
- a form of ancient writing in which picture symbols represent sound
- cataracts
- rocky stretches in a river marked by rapid currents or waterfalls
- loess
- fine yellowish
- monsoons
- seasonal winds in India
- moksha
- in Hinduism, the escape from the cycle of rebirth
- Hatshepsut
- Queen of ancient Egypt; she took the throne in place of her stepson, Thutmose III. During her reign, focused on temple-building projects and trade
- delta
- a triangular region formed a tthe mouth of a river by deposits of silt
- bureaucracy
- a highly structured organiszation, often governmental, managed by officials
- court
- a gathering of nobles around a monarch
- Four Noble Truths
- In Buddhism, the guidelines that are the essence of the Buddhas teaching: life is suffering, desires cause suffering, annihilation of desires can relieve suffering, and the way to relieve suffering is to follow the Eighfold Path
- theocracy
- a government ruled by religious leaders who claim God's authority
- Vedas
- sacred writings of the Indo-Aryans
- castes
- social classes in teh ancient Indian class system
- karma
- in Hinduism, the totality of a person's good and bad deeds and the way in which they affect that individual's fate in the afterlife.
- rajas
- leaders if ancient cities in India
- subcontinent
- a large landmass that is part of a continent but is considered an independent entity either geographically or politically.
- reincarnation
- in Hinduism, the belief that after one dies, the soul is reborn into a different form
- Mandate of Heaven
- the Chinese belief that royal authority is the result of devine approval