Science Final
For everyone at my school who needs a study guide for intergrated science.
Terms
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- Corundum
- is part of the halides it is a non silicate
- Plate
- It is large pieces of earth that move slowly through out time
- Streak
- when a rock is scraped along an unglazed tile it leaves a colored streak
- Quarry mining
- is when they mine huge boulders
- Chemical composition for the silciate group
- Si0 4
- Epicenter
- The middle of the earthquake
- Non-silicates
- Classifications are Carbonates ex. limestone, Sulfates ex. gypsum, Oxides ex. magnetite, Sulfides ex. pyrite, Halides ex. halike, Phosphates ex. silver
- Transform fault boundaries
- They scrape past one another using opposing force to break and slide past one another.
- Convergent plate boundaries
- When two plates are forced together and the denser of the two plates is forced under the less dense plate.
- Chemical weathering
- is caused by decomposition through rainwater that reacts with carbon dioxide
- Mid- ocean ridges
- They are mdae in divergent plate boundaries the most studied is the mid-atlantic ridge
- Lithosphere
- The crust and the upper mantle
- Extrusive igneous rock
- is fire or volcanic rock
- Salt
- is mined using evaporation
- P waves
- Fast moving waves, first to arrive
- luster
- how shiny the rock is
- Weathering
- the breaking down of rock by sun, glaciers, and bodies of water
- Acid test
- When the rock fizzes it is a positive reaction it is a carbonate mineral
- Mineral
- it is inorganic, solid, has a definite chemical composition, naturally occuring, and a characteristic crystaline structure
- Rock Formation
- Igneous rocks form by cooling and the recrystalization of lava or magma, sedimentary rocks are formed by chemical or mecahnical weathering., Metamorphic rocks are transformed by high pressure or tempeture change
- Landscape shapes
- the cracks, vins, and arches
- Divergent plate boundaries
- When two plates move away from one another creating a gap from which magma escapes creating new crust.
- Seismologist
- Some one who studies earthquakes
- Focus
- The exact poit in the earth were the rock breaks first
- Pyrite
- it is fool's gold it is a sulfide
- Asthenosphere
- The lower and upper mantle.
- Pangea
- This idea was thought of by Alfred Wegener, the idea was that all the continents were all one continent at one point.
- Peat
- is coal that is sedimetary, it is formed by heat and pressure
- Anthracite
- Coal that is sedimenatry
- Halite
- is part of the nonsilcate group
- Earthquake
- WHen plate boundaries shift
- Mechanical digestion
- Takes plave in the mouth it is the tearing, grinding, and chewing process
- Calcite
- is part of the carbonates which is a non- silicate
- Convention currents
- The driving force between plate tectonics
- Oceanic Crust
- Dense, subducts at convergent plate boundaries and goes up or down when the plates come together.
- Richter scale
- Measure intensity of earthquakes
- Core
- It is made of iron and nickel. The outer is liquid metal , and the inner is solid metal.
- The ring of fire
- This area is most prone to earthquakes.
- ore
- a metal deposit that is rich in valuable metals that can be extracted for profit
- Mining
- where people go and remove the rare elements from the earth
- Rocks
- There are three types igneous, sedimantery, and metamorphic, it is an aggregate of minerals
- Rock sub-types
- Inrusive and exstrusive igneous rock, foliated and non foliated metamorphic rock.
- Rock hardness
- on a scale of 1-10 how hard the mineral is
- Mineral divisions
- two groups the silicates and the non-silicates
- S waves
- Slower moving transverse waves that move up and down
- Native elements
- include gold, silver, diamonds, copper, and sulfur.
- Continental Crust
- Less dense than oceanic crust, buckles and folds at convergent plate boundaries.
- Mechanical weathering
- is caused by water and ice
- Surface wave
- Moves along the crust it has a roiling motion up and down and causes the most damage
- Hexagonal
- the crystal shape of quartz
- Circulatory system
- This system includes the heart, veins, and arteries
- Chemical Digestion
- Begins in the mouth were food is broken down with amylase and continues in the stomach.
- Erosion
- the transportation of sediments
- Earth's layers
- It has four layers the crust, mantle ( upper and lower), the core (inner and outer)
- Digestive system
- This system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder,large inetestine
- Oxides
- they contain oxygen and a mineral while silicates contain silicate, oxygen, and another elemnet
- Moho
- Area just below the crust and above the mantel, they are like styrofoam pieces in water they move.
- Placer mining
- is when they move deposits in the soil