AP Env Science Ch 5, 10, 11
Terms
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- Doubling Time
- DT=70/ %growth rate
- Population Change
- P2=P1+(B-D)+(I-E)
- Ecological Footprint
- Total Land area needed to support one individual in a country
- Weathering
- Breaking of rock by wind, water, and freezing
- Leaching
- As water moves down soil, it carries nutrients and dissolves them away.
- Chemical Weathering
- When water dissolves some minerals found in rocks.
- Demography
- The study of population
- Exponential Growth
- Growth by a given rate %
- Linear Growth
- Growth by the same amount every year
- Population
- Group of individuals of teh same species living in a certain area.
- Crude Birth Rate
- Number of births per 1000 individuals per year
- Species
- All individuals that are capable of interbreeding
- Crude Death rate
- Number of deaths per 1000 individuals per year
- GNP Per capita
- Gross National Product, includes the value of all domestic and foreign output per person
- Replacement-level fertility
- The total fertility rate required for a population to remain constant
- Total Fertility Rate
- Avg number of children expected to be born to a woman during her lifetime
- Life Expectancy
- AVG number of years an individual can expect to live given his/her present age
- Logistic Growth
- When a Small Population Grows rapidly, but teh growth rate slows down. Teh population reaches a constant size eventually.
- Green Revolution
- Crops being modified genetically to produce higher yields, grow in poor conditions or fight pests off. Teh period is refered to as green revolution
- Limiting Factor
- Single Requirement for growth that is available in the least supply in comparison to teh need of the crop
- Liebig's Law of teh minimum
- The idea that some single factor determines teh growth and tehrefore teh presence of a species
- Sustainable yield
- The amount produced per unit area that can be continued indifinitely without decreasing the ability of that crop species to sustain that yield
- Limits to food production
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Global Warming
Population Growth
Development of higher producing crops - Primary and secondary effects of sgriculture
-
Erosion
Sedimentation
deserification
pollution
deforestation
overgrazing
salinization
climate changes - Topsoil
- Topsoil is in layer A which contains organic matter
- Components of fertile soil
-
Wheathered rock
Organic Material
Living Organisms - Desertification
- Teh process of creating a desert where there was not one before
- Overgrazing
- When the carrying capacity of land for herbivores is exceeded
- Game Ranching
- Mantaining wild herbivores in their native habitat to be harvested for meat and leather
- Contour Plowing
- Plowing land across topographic contours
- Subsistence Crops
- Crops used directly for food by a farmer or sold locally where teh food is used directly
- Per capita food production
- amount of food production per person
- Per capita demand
- Economic demand per person
- monoculture
- planting of large areas with a single species or even a single stain .
- Mariculture
- production of food from marine habitats
- Hydroponics
- Growing plants in a fertilized water solution in an artificial environment
- Drip irrigation
- irrigation by the application of water to teh soil from tubes that drip water slowly
- Cash crop
- Crops grown to be traded in a market
- Aquaculture
- Production of food from aquatic habitat