Bio unit 4
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- genes
- the DNA found in the nucleus contains coded messages called ____
- Schleiden
- _____ concluded that all plants are made out of cells
- nuclear membrane
- the nucleus is surrounded by the _____
- nucleus; activities
- the ____ is often referred to as the control center of all the nuclear _____ essential to life
- microvilli
- short, stubby finger-like cell membrane => function in absortion
- cytoplasm
- the _____ is a highly complex solution composed of water, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
- vacuole
- helps plants support heavy structures; sac of fluid; holds stored food, pigments, and other products; sacs made of membrane- only in plants
- nucleoplasm
- fluid in nucleus
- centrioles
- composed of microtubules; involved in cell division not in plants
- golgi body
- membranous sac; complex organelle; where molecules made in other parts of the cell are modified, sorted, and packaged for export
- flagellum
- used for movement (microtubes)
- ribosomes
- site of protein synthesis; portions of these are made in the nucleolus
- nuclear pore
- holes; opening in nuclear envelope
- types of cells
- most molecular organisms are made out of many different _____
- nuclear envelope
- double membrane boundary surrounding the nucleus; contains pores; helps to regulate what enters and leaves the nucleus
- cells
- all living organisms are made up of 1 or more living building blocks called ____
- cell wall
- plant cells differ from animal cells because they have a ____
- cytoplasm
- "cell fluid": contains water salts and organic molecules (including enzymes); this is where much of metabolism takes place
- Schwann
- ____ concluded that all animals are made out of cells
- cell membrane
- covers the outside of the cell; controls what enters and leaves; phopholipid bilayer that is embedded with proteins
- abnormal genes
- there are thousands of diseases caused by ______
- peroxisome
- organelle that contains catalase or some other oxidative enzyme; very numerous in the liver
- lysosome
- membranous sac containing digestive enzymes
- genes
- actually direct the cell, orchestrating which molecules to make
- cytoplasmic streaming
- in large plant cells, the motion of the cytoplasm is _____
- produce grow and reproduce
- most living organisms use the same type of living molecules to _________
- mitochondrion
- produces ATP (energy molecule of the cell), cellular respiration takes place, O(2) used to break down glucose
- all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of all living organisms; all cells arise from pre-existing cells
- what does the cell theory state?
- prokaryotic or eukaryotic
- all cells belong to two categories. what are the two groups?
- Virchow
- ____ concluded that exisiting cells give rise to new cells
- cytoskeleton
- extends throughout the cell providing structure and a framework; made out of fibers that extend through the cell membrane; microtubes and microfilaments
- nucleolus
- center of nucleus; area of nucleus where parts of ribosomes are made
- chloroplast (plastid)
- site of photosynthesis; light energy from the sun in converted to chemical energy (glucose)- only in plants
- cilia
- short, thread-like projections that are usually used for locomotion, or to move something past the cell (microtubule)
- function
- shapes of cells provide a key to their ____
- endoplasmic reticulum
- system of membranous tunnels and sacs that lies outside the nucleus and extends throughout interior of cell site where most of new cell membrane is produced
- life, diseases
- while cells can be a basis for ____, they also can be responsible for ____
- DNA
- each chromosome is said to be a tightly wound strand of ____
- cell membrane nucleus and cytoplasm
- What are the three basic parts that all eukaryotic cells have?
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- the site to many chemical reactions essential to normal cell function
- 1665
- cells were first discovered in _____by Robert Hooke
- cell wall
- helps plant cells maintain its shape; support tough "fibrous" polymer (cellulose)- only in plants
- chloroplasts and vacuoles
- most plant cells contain two other organells absent in animal cells. what are they?