Ch 27, Cold War
Terms
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- Hiss Case
- Former State Dept. official Alger Hiss tried for perjury, accused of passing info to Soviets in '30's, convicted (product of Red Scare)
- Iron Curtain
- Churchill's term for the Soviet isolation of themselves & their satellites from the western world
- Taft- Hartley Act
- limits union power, allows president to order workers back on the job after 90 days, bans closed shop (union membership requirements for employment)
- George Kennan
- US ambassador in Moscow, expert in Russian History, predicts cold war introduces idea of containment & says we cant fight them everywhere, weve got to pick and choose
- Dixiecrats
- Southern Democrats that break from party over civil rights plank, led by J. Strom Thurmond; for segregation, against integration
- Army GI Forum
- '48 campaign for civil rights, led by Dr. Hector Garcia (began over where a mexican american war hero should be buried, arlington or not, ended up going to arlington after this effort)
- "To Secure These Rights"
- Title of Report by Committee on Civil Rights (commissioned by Truman) that exposed persistent racial inequalities in the US and suggested possible solutions
- Blacklisting
- list of people suspected to be communists, people on the list were prevented from finding work
- Greece & Turkey
- British pull support out of both, US steps in w/ economic & military aid to keep them from going communist
- Case of J. Robert Oppenheimer
- McCarthy's Atomic Energy Commission accuses the director of the Manhattan Proj w/ passing secrets to Soviets (never proved)
- McCarran Act
- (blatantly unconstitutional legislation that gained so much support cause of Red Scare) Mandatory Communist registration, no entry to US for members of totalitarian groubs & indefinite detention of aliens during deportation hearings
- Containment
- Keep communism confined to where it already exists, seek to keep it from expanding (Domino Theory Base, if one falls, well all fall eventually)
- Organized Labor
- Minority Unions demand better conditions, Lots of Strikes RAIL STRIKE 1946 gets Truman's Attention
- Checker's Speech
- Nixon's televised speech as a vice presidential candidate in response to scandal that he had a "slush fund" equated his indiscretion to a cute cocker spaniel puppy, result: stayed on ticket
- Marshall Plan
- Aid to whatever country wants it, idea is to help build up economies and arrest discontent that can lead to communist sympathies (Czech govt goes communist, US blames Soviets)
- Hollywood 10
- Evoked 1st Amdmt right, refused to say whether they were communists, jailed for contempt of Congress
- Baruch Plan
- Plan for International Atomic Agency where the US dominates, no comprimise reached with Soviets, Baruch says his way or nothing so it ends up being nothing
- CORE & NAACP
- Congress of Racial Equality pushed for Post war desegregation & equality worked in conjunction w/ NAACP
- Loyalty Review Board
- Overt manifestation of Red Scare "security risk" govt employees (hundreds) fired
- Atomic Deterrence
- Policy to avoid atomic warfare by having more bombs than the other guy i.e. if you blow us up well blow you up more (exchange of threats)
- McCarthy v The Army
- Army denies McCarthy's aid a commission, he investigates army for communists, ABC broadcasts his crazy assaults & he is discredited, anti communism hysteria begins to fade
- Klaus Fuchs
- Passed info to Soviets about Manhattan Proj, evidence of Soviet Conspiracy (fed Red Scare)
- Truman Doctrine
- Help all free people anywhere in the world resist tyranny & communism (containment basically)
- GI Bill
- Rewarded soldiers for efforts during war. GI welfare. Programs such as Govt pays for college after 2 yrs of service
- NSC 68
- National Securtiy Council memo #68 US "strive for victory" in cold war, pressed for offensive and a gross increase ($37 bil) in defense spending, determined US foreign policy for the next 20-30 yrs
- Iranian Crisis
- Stalin does not comply w/ treaty obligation to withdraw troops from Iran. Byrnes freaks but Stalin withdraws before Byrnes can act