Axial Skeleton 2
Terms
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- axial skeleton
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80 bones
SKULL
cranial-8, facial-14, bones associated with skull-7
VERTIBRAL COLUMN
vertebrae-24, sacrum, coccyx
THORACIC CAGE
ribs-24, sternum - skull
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Protects brain and guards entrances to digestive and respiratory system.
cranium-8 bones
face-14 bones
auditory ossicles-6
hyoid bone-1 - cranim (braincase)
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Enclose the cranial cavity.
occipital bone, frontal bone,
sphenoid, ethmoid, paired parietal and temporal bones - facial bones
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SUPERFICIAL
-paired maxillary, lacrimal, nasal, and zygomatic bones,
-mandible
DEEP
-paired palatine bones and inferior nasal conchae
-vomer - sinuses
- Air filled chamber within a bone. Make a bone lighter. Mucous membrane produces mucus that moistens and cleans the air.
- sutures
- Immovable joints of skull. Bones are tied firmly together with dense fibroius connective tissue.
- lambdoid suture
- Separates the occipital bone from the two parietal bones.
- maxillary bones
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FUNCTION-support the upper teeth, form the inferior orbital rim, the lateral margins of external nares, upper jaw, and most of hard palate
ARTICULATIONS-frontal, ethmoid, one another, all facial bones except mandible
LANDMARKS-orbital rim, anterior nasal spine, alveolar process, palatine processes, hard palate, maxillary sinuses, nasolacrimal canal
FORAMINA-infraorbital foramen, inferior orbital fissure - coronal suture
- Attaches the frontal bone to the parietal bones.
- sagittal suture
- Extends from the lambdoid suture to the coronal suture, between the parietal bones.
- palatine bones
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FUNCTION-forma posterior portion of hard palate and contribute to floor of orbit
ARTICULATIONS-one another, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid, inferior nasal conchae, vomer
LANDMARKS-horizontal plate, perpendicular plate, orbital process
FORAMINA-greater and lesser palatine foramen - squamous sutures
- On each side of the skull forms the boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone.
- occipital bone
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FUNCTION-forms posterior and inferior surfaces of the cranium
ARTICULATIONS-parietal bones, temporal bones, sphenoid, first cervical vertebra
LANDMARKS-external occipital protuberance, external occipital crest, occipital condyles, inferior and superior nuchal lines, internal occipital crest, chondyloid fossa, posterior cranial fossa
FORAMINA-foramen magnum, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canals - nasal bones
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FUNCTION-support superior portion of bridge of nose, connected to cartiliages that support distal portions of nose
ARTICULATIONS-one another, ethmoid, frontal , maxillary - parietal bones
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FUNCTION-form port of superior and lateral surfaces of cranium
ARTICULATIONS-one another, occipital, temporal, frontal, sphenoid
LANDMARKS-superior and inferior temporal lines - vomer
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FUNCTION-forms inferior portion of bony nasal septum
ARTICULATIONS-sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine, maxillary, - frontal bone
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FUNCTION-forms anterior portion of cranium and roof of orbits
ARTICULATIONS-parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic
LANDMARKS-frontal squama, superior temporal line, supraorbital margin, lacrimal fossa, frontal sinuses
FORAMINA-supraorbital foramen, supraorbital notch - temporal bones
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FUNCTION-(1)form part of the lateral walls of the cranium and the zygomatic arches(2)only articulation with mandible(3)surround and protect the sense organs of inner ear(4)attachment sites for muscles that close jaws and move head
LANDMARKS-squamous part, zygomatic process, zygomatic arch, mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, petrous part, auditory ossicles
FORAMINA-carotid canal, foramen lacerum, external acoustic canal, stylomastoid foramen, internal acoustic canal - sphenoid bone
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FUNCTION-forms part of the floor of cranium, unites cranial and facial bones, acts as a cross brace that strengthens sides of skull
ARTICULATIONS-ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, palatine, zygomatic, maxillary, vomer
LANDMARKS- body, sella turcica, anterior and posterior clinoid processes, hypophyseal fossa, sphenoidal sinuses, lesser wings, greater wings, sphenoidal spine, pterygoid processes
FORAMINA-optic canals, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum - inferior nasal conchae
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FUNCTION-create turbulence in air passing through nasal cavity, increase epithelial surface area
ARTICULATIONS-ethmoid, maxillary, palatine, lacrimal -
lateral - Lateral Skull
- ethmoid bone
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FUNCTION-forms anteromedial floor of cranium, roof of nasal cavity, and part of nasal septum and medial orbital wall
ARTICULATIONS-frontal, sphenoid, nasal, lacrimal, palatine, maxillary, inferior nasal conchae, vomer
LANDMARKS-(1)cribriform plate-crista galli(2)paired lateral masses-ethmoidal labyrinth, ethmoidal air cells, superior nasal conchae, middle nasal conchae(3)perpendicular plate
FORAMINA-olfactory foramina - zygomatic bones
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FUNCTION-contribute to rim and lateral wall of the orbit, form part of zygomatic arch
ARTICULATIONS-sphenoid, frontal, temporal, maxillary
LANDMARKS-temporal process
FORAMINA-zygomaticofacial formamen - lacrimal bones
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FUNCTION-form part of the medial wall of orbit
ARTICULATIONS-frontal, maxillary, ethmoid
LANDMARKS-lacrimal sulcus - mandible
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FUNCTION-forms lower jaw
ARTICULATIONS-mandibular fossae of the temporal bones
LANDMARKS-body, alveolar process, mental protuberance, submandibular salivary gland, mylohyoid line, ramus, angle, condylar process, coronoid process, mandibular notch
FORAMINA-mental foramina, mandibular foramen - hyoid bone
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FUNCTION-Supports the larynx, attachment site for muscles of larynx, pharynx, and tongue
ARTICULATIONS-stylohyoid ligaments connect lesser horns to styloid processes
LANDMARKS-body,greater horns,lesser horns -
anterior - anterior skull
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inferior - inferior skull
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orbit - orbit bones
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superior -
superior skull
(horizontal section)