World history key terms
Terms
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- Andreas Vesalius
- surgeon - On the Fabric of the Human Body
- Janissary
- a soldier in the elite guard of the ottoman turks
- daimyo
- great names, head of nobles families in Japan who controlled vast landed estats and relied on samurai for preotection
- mannerism
- an artistic movement that ermerged in Italy in 1520s and 1530s
- predestination
- the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned.
- Babur
- founder of the Mogul Dynasty; took control of Kabul and Delhi
- Taj Mahal
- City - Agra; made by Shah Jahan for his wife
- Suleyman I
- advanced to Vienna
- colony
- a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control.
- Rene Descartes
- (French Philospher) Separation of mind and matter; "I think, therefore I am."
- baroque
- an artistic style of the 17th century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and conntrasting elements
- commonwealth
- a republic
- salvation
- the state of being saved through the faith alone or through faith and good works.
- Ptolmey
- geocentric
- Spain's points of explorations
- Indies, Caribbeans Islands, and Honduras
- daily life
- confucian ideas; woman had inferior status
- Types of terrain
- 6 types: desert, savana, steepe, mountain, tropical forest, mediterranean
- harem
- scared place, the private domain of an ottoman sultan, where he and his wives resided
- Geocentric
- earth is at the center of the universe
- grand vizier
- the ottoman sultan's chief minister, who led the meetings of the imperial council
- suttee
- the Hindu customs of cremating a widow on her husband's funeral pyre
- Enlightenment absolutism
- a system in which rulers tired to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers.
- Henry IV
- (France, Catholicism) Issued the Edict of Natesins in1598
- armada
- a fleet of warships
- inflations
- a rapid increase in prices
- Akbar
- (grandson of babur) military sucess due to heavy artillery and wise negotioations
- commercial capitalism
- economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits
- secular
- wordly
- absolutism
- a political system in which a ruler holds total power
- indulgence
- a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death.
- fresco
- a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints.
- Dutch points of explorations
- Indies and India
- ulema
- a group of religious advisors to the ottoman sultan; this group administered the legal system and schools for educating Muslims
- boyar
- a russian noble
- Shah Abbas
- moved the capital from Tabriz to Isfahan; strengthened the army
- Sinan
- Greatest ottoman architect
- Afonso de Alburquergue
- makes Goa in 1509
- Queue
- the braided pig-tailed that was traditionally worn by chinese males
- Rationalism
- reason
- Italian Wars
- 30 year war between France, Italy, and Spain
- Amerigo Vespucci
- traveled with Portugese sailor and he wrote letters describing the land he saw/traveled
- Kepler
- heliocentric with orbits elliptical not circular
- Pasha
- an appointed in the ottoman empire who collected taxes, maintained laws and order, and was directly responsible to the sultan's court
- Population
- 80 to 300 million btwn 1390-1700
- mercenary
- a soldier who sells his service to the highest bidder.
- dowry
- a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride's parents to her husband or, in Islamic society, by a husband to his wife.
- zamindar
- a local official in Mogul India
- Phillip II
- (Spain, Netherlands, Naples, Catholicism) strong monarchy
- mainland states
- part of a continent as distinguished from peninsules or offshores islands.
- Vasco da Gama
- arrived off the port of Calicut where he took on a cargo of spices; made a huge profit
- orthodoxy
- traditional beliefs
- anarchy
- political disorder; lawlessness
- balance of trade
- the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time.
- ptolemaic system
- the geocentric model of the universe that prevailed in the middle ages
- William Harvey
- refuted Vesalius and Newton's theory that different blood flowed through the veins and the arteries
- Galileo
- heavenly bodies composed of material substance, not light
- urban society
- a system in which cities are the center of political, economic, social life.
- Selim I
- took control of Mesopotemia, Egypt, and Arabia
- annul
- declare invalid
- Ming Hong Wu
- the founder of the Ming Dynasty
- Copernicus
- heliocentric
- Spain
- West voyage
- hostage system
- a system used by the shugunate to control the daimyo in Tokugawa Japan
- witchcraft
- a practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
- Peace of Augsburg
- factors that led to the accepted division and practice of both Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany
- Portugese
- East voyage
- Christopher Columbus
- thought the world was small; took westward voyage; he finds the Indies (not India)
- Separation of Powers
- a form of gov. in which the executive, legislative, and Judicial branch limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances
- natual rights
- rights with which all humans are supposedly born, including the right to lige, liberty, and property
- laissez-faire
- literally, "let people do what they want", "the concept that states should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
- triangular trade
- a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africam and Asia and the American continents
- bureaucracy
- an administative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures.
- militant
- combative
- Mehmet II
- conquered Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul
- the Golden Lotus
- first realistic social novel
- christain humanism
- a moviement that developed in northern Europe during the renaissance combining classical learning with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church.
- Elizabeth I
- (England, Protestant) Act of Supremacy
- Voyages of Zheng He
- 7 voyages by Zheng He; visited western coast of India and city-states of East Africa
- czar
- russian for "caesar" the title used by russian emperor
- mercantilism
- a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the 17th century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver.
- Conquistador
- a Spanish conqueror of the Americans
- deism
- an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natual law
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- the line would extend from north to south through the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern most part of the Southern American continent, Splits E. Hemisphere and W. Hemisphere
- middle passage
- the journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas, so called b/c it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
- banners
- in Qing china, a separate military unit made up of Manchus, the empire's chief fighting force
- humanism
- an intellectual movement of the renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history.
- Shah Ismail
- founder of the Safavid dynasty; took control of Iran, Iraq, Baghdad, and Tabriz
- salon
- room where the philosophers of the 18th century gather to discuss philosophies
- Li Zincheng
- began the peasant revolt which led to the occupation of Beijing; led the beganing of Qing Dynasty
- heliocentric
- sun-centered
- Portuguese Empire
- took lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and found gold in Africa (the Cape of Good hope) and India for spice trade
- rococo
- an artistic style that replased baroque in the 1730s, it was highly secular, emphasizing grace, charm, and gentle action.
- han
- one of the app. 250 domains into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa
- eta
- Japan's outcast classm whose way of life was strickly regulated by the Tokugawa
- philosophe
- french for philosopher; applied to all intellectual - i.e. writers, journalists, economist, and social reformers - during the Enlightenment
- divine right of kings
- the belief that kinds receive their power from God and are responsible only to God
- The Prince
- written by Niccolo Machiavelli and it concerns how to acquire and keep political power.
- plantation
- a large agricultural estate