Funk Test 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- effects of "Little Ice Age"
-
2 degree drop in worldwide temp.
lose crops -> starvation -> no energy to work.
disease kills livestock -> no wool, no food -> no occupation for weavers -> no merchants. - Hanseatic League
- Northern Europe alliances among merchant guilds and trade cities
- year Bubonic plague started
- 1347
- How did the plague begin?
- It is a disease among rats, fleas on rats caught the disease, black rats are burrowers and would get off of ships and find houses to burrow in, fleas would fall on the people and infect them
- steps/symptoms of plague
-
1. swollen neck, armpit, groin. sweat. lose bodily fluids.
2. black dots move under skin.
3. death. - blamed for bubonic plague
- Jews, vampires,witches
- flagellants
- went from town to town to whip themselves to make God happy, believed plague was a punishment from Him
- How did the bubonic plague end?
- thatched roofs were replaced because they were all burned down so it could not spread as easily, rat wars (gray rats from the forest attacked burrower black rats)
- Why did the bubonic plague end feudalism?
- killed off knights and priests, people began to question religion
- approx. years of the Middle Ages
- 1000 - 1300
- dates of the Hundred Years War
- 1337 - 1453 (lasted 116 years)
- Salic Law
- in France, no female or her issue can inherit the throne
- cause of the Hundred Years War
- Edward II is the ruler of England, marries Princess Isabella. Isabella is the daughter of the French king, Charles IV. Charles dies and leaves no issue. Isabella wants her son Edward III to rule, but Philip VI was the closest living relative eligible. war.
- How did the war effect the economy?
- wool trade suffered, which is very critical to the economy
- Battle of Crecy
- battle in the 100 Years War, first time longbow was used, gave England a huge advantage
- Agincourt
- Henry V marries French king's daugher
- Why was Joan of Arc found guilty?
- Found guilty of heresy and being a witch because she heard voices, dressed as a man undisguised, and fought and was successful.
- impact of 100 Years War
- ended Middle Ages, made knights unimportant, rise in nationalism, longbow and cannons, French land destroyed, wool
- Babylonian captivity
- King Philip IV of France does not want to pay Pope Clement V taxes, convinces him to go on "vacation" and builds him a palace in Avignon. He is there for 67 years. moves papacy to France. Roman economy suffers as a result.
- Great Schism
- Romans elect Italian Pope Gregory XI as retaliation for Babylonian captivity. He and Clement VII are both the Pope. People are upset because they are paying for Popes' extravagant lifestyles.
- Concillian
- council created to settle the Great Schism. John Wycliff and Jan Hus. 3rd Pope is elected from Pisa.
- Council of Constance
- bribes the 3 Popes to step down and elects Martin V
- effects of Great Schism
- takes power out of the Church and makes it look silly, hurts economics
- Jacqueri
- peasant revolts in France, nobels kill them
- Richard II
- king of England during peasant revolts, gathers them all together and kills them off
- guild
- group of people w/ same profession (artists, blacksmiths, weavers)
- prostitution
- occupation, legal, accepted, regulated by government, parents sold children into it, better for unmarried men than rape
- The Divine Comedy
- Dante Alighieri. comedy = written in Italian (vernacular). Follow's a soul's trip between heaven, hell, and purgatory. Link between Middle Ages and Renaissance.
- Canterbury Tales
- Geoffery Chaucer. collection of short stories, mix between Renaissance and Middle Ages. Middle Ages - religious pilgrimage. Renaissance - bawdy, English (vernacular), makes fun of church/society
- John Wycliff
- believed bible should be in English so everyone can read it and Pope can't make things up
- Renaissance dates
- approx. 1330-1550
- Charles VIII
- invaded and destroyed Florence, took Lorenzo de Medici out of power
- Bonfire of Vanities
- led by Savanarola, a monk, blamed the people of Florence for the invasion and persuaded them to burn art, jewelery, clothing.
- popolo
- common people/city-dwellers that revolt
- signori
- military leaders/mercenaries to control popolos
- secularism
- world is important, it's okay to make society better.
- humanism
- studying Greek and Roman culture to become a better person in society.
- rhetoric
- the ability to speak persuasively.
- conserver of classics
- recopy classic texts by hand
- On the Donation of Constantine
- Lorenzo Valla was copying it and it was said to be written in the 1300s but he found that it was actually written in the 1200s and that the church was lying about the church having temporal power
- Lorenzo Valla
- On the Donation of Constantine
- Giovanni Boccaccio
- vernacular writer. Decameron. 20 rich kids left Florence during the plague. bawdy, makes fun of church + social issues
- Leonardo Bruni
- social commentary writer. civic humanism - work to help society.
- Giovanni Mirandola
- social commentary writers. Oration on the Dignity of Man.
- Baldassare Castiglione
- social commentary writer. The Courtier. described ideal Renaissance man and woman.
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- social commentary writers. The Prince. ideal ruler maintains power for the good of the country.
- Bretheren of Common Life
- monk educators who were supposed to be Christ-like tried to bring generosity and goodness back into Christianity
- Erasmus
- The Praise of Folly. challenged church practice, not doctrine. everyone must learn Greek and Latin.
- Sir Thomas Moore
- in Bretheren of Common Life. Utopia. beheaded by Henry VIII's request
- Sandro Botticelli
- Florence artist under de Medici. paints classical subjects (Greek) + Christian
- Raphael Sanzio
- Florence artist under Medici. painted idealized Madonnas and classical scenes
- Michelangelo
- Florence artist under Medici. Sistine Chapel, Pagan form w/ Christian thought, sculpted in marble: "Pieta" - piety, pity, young looking Mary holding Jesus. "David" - classical features, shepherd boy.
- Leonardo daVinci
- inventor, painter, studied the human body. The Last Supper - didn't single out Judas.
- Titian
- Venice artist. bright colors, detail.
- Bosch
- Northern Renaissance. surreal, bizarre, bright colors. Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory.
- Breughal
- drew partying peasants and landscapes
- Donatello
- sculptor. "Mary Magdeline" - prostitute/adultress. smooth hands praying, God's grace saved her.\
- Ghiberti
- sculpted doors
- Brunelleschi
- domes