Chapter 14
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- John Locke
- Essay Concerning Human Understanding & Two Treatises of Government; property is a natural right, human nature shaped by tolerance and reason, men naturally good, checks and balances
- Empiricism
- theory of knowledge emphasizing the role of experience, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas
- Baruch Spinoza
- Ethics
- Rationalism
- method or a theory "in which the criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive"
- Blaise Pascal
- Pensees
- Isaac Newton
- Principia Mathematica; developed calculus, laws of motion, universal gravitation; believed study of science would justify God
- Ptolemaic System
- theories that placed the earth motionless at the center of the universe with all celestial bodies revolving around it
- Heliocentric Theory
- sun-centered
- Geocentric Theory
- Earth is assumed to be at the centre of all
- Deductive Reasoning
- type of reasoning that proceeds from general principle or premises to derive particular information- created by Aristotle
- Aristotelian World View
- philosophic method implies the ascent from the study of particular phenomena to the knowledge of essences
- Galileo Galilei
- Dialogue on Two Chief Systems of the World: Devout Roman Catholic; supported Heliocentricism, developed new telescopes "father of modern physics"
- The Scientific Revolution
- a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas in physics, astronomy, and biology, in institutions supporting scientific investigation, and in the more widely held picture of the universe
- Tycho Brahe
- Denmark; believed sun and moon revolved around earth and other planets around sun; created data later solved by Kepler; constructed scientific instruments
- Inductive Reasoning
- process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion but do not ensure it.
- Johannes Kepler
- The New Astronomy; Brahe's assistant, idea of Elliptical motion
- Nicholas Copernicus
- On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres; natural philosophy of observing with naked eye, re-examined old ideas, Copernicus System: Heliocentric, epicycle, order of planets, earth has 3 motions
- Rene Descartes
- Discourse on Method; God-given reason, "I think, therefore I am",
- Thomas Hobbes
- Leviathan; supported scientific movement, man naturally bad and egotistical, ruler with complete power
- Francis Bacon
- The Advancement of Learning & Novum Organum; creator of English essay, created the Scientific Method