Final Exam Unit 5
Terms
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- What may be done to prevent falls in hospitalized elderly patients?
- Basic maneuvers such as locking the wheels on the bed or wheelchair, keeping needed equipment within easy reach, and making the nurse call light readily available.
- Any one of numerous mechanical devices or chemical agents used to hinder or restrict a patient's movement.
- Restraint
- Safety Guidelines for Use of Mechanical Restraints:
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Visually check on patient every 15 minutes
Assess circulatory, physical, and emotional status and release restraints every 2 hours
Never attach a restraint to the SIDE RAIL!!!
Use mechanical restraint as a last alternative, and discontinue use as soon as possible
Maintain compliance with local, state, and federal requirements in relationship to restraint usage - The use of psychotropics, hypnotics, or anxiolytics to control a potentially violent patient
- Chemical Restraint
- Fire Prevention Acronym
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R-Rescue & Remove from immediate danger
A-Activate Alarm
C-Contain fire
E-Extinguish fire (PASS) - PASS Acronym
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P-Pull the pin
A-Aim at base of fire
S-Squeeze handle
S-Sweep side to side - The coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment during lifting, bending, moving, and performing ADL's.
- Body Mechanics
- What is the efficient use of the body as a means of locomotion?
- Body Mechanics
- Maintains good muscle tone and prevents injury
- Body Alignment
- Enhanced by proper posture
- Body Balance
- The ability to move and maintain posture is due to what?
- Contracture fo muscles
- List the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System:
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1.Support
2.Protection
3.MOVEMENT
4.Mineral Storage
5.Hematopoiesis (red blood cell production) - What can cause each body system to be at risk for impairment?
- Alteration in Mobility
- Severity of body system impairment caused by immobility depends on...
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Age
Overall Health
Degree of immobility experienced - Cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.
- Sleep
- What influences and regulates physiological function and behavioral responses?
- Sleep-wake cycle
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-Includes lightest level of sleep
-Lasts a few minutes
-Decreased physiological activity begins w/ gradual fall in VS and metabolism
-Person is easily aroused by stimuli such as noise
-When awakened, person feels as if daydreaming has - Stage 1: NREM
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-Perio of sound sleep
-Relaxation progresses
-Arousal is still relatively easy
-Stage lasts 10-20 minutes
-Body functions contiue to slow - Stage 2: NREM
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-Involves intial stages of DEEP sleep
-Sleeper is difficult to arouse and rarely moves
-Muscles are completely relaxed
-Vital signs DECLINE but remain regular
-Stage lasts 15-30 min - Stage 3: NREM
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-Is DEEPEST stage of sleep
-Very difficult to arouse sleeper
-Stage longer if sleep loss has occured
-VS are significantly lower than during waking hours
-Stage last approx. 15-30min
-Sleepwalking and enuresis may occur
-Bod - Stage 4: NREM
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DEEP, DEEP, DEEP Sleep
-Vivid, full-color dreaming may occur in this stage
-Stage usually begins about 90 min after sleep begins
-Is typified by autonomic response of reapidly moving eyes, fluctating heart and resp. rates, and increased or - REM Sleep
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-Loss of skeletal muscle tone occus
-GASTRIC SECRETIONS INCREASE
-It is very difficult to arouse sleeper
-Duration increases w/ each cycle and averages 20 min
-Essential for cognitive restoration, memory storage, and learning - REM Sleep
- What physiologic behaviors are increased during REM sleep?
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1.Pulse
2.Gastric Secretion
3.Respiratory Rates - Why do we darken the room at night?
- Stimuli from sensory organs may activate the reticular system.
- What are the most common side effects of benzodiazepines?
- Drowsiness and ataxia
- What can happen if hypnotics are stopped abruptly?
- Rebound insomnia
- What is the best time to perform a bath?
- Whenever the patient would perfer to have one.
- When is it appropriate to try to change a patient's hygiene practices?
- When the patients current practices are inadequate for physiological needs.
- Death of cells
- Necrosis
- Purposes of Bathing
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-Cleansing the skin
-Stimulaton of circulation
-Improved self-image
-Reduction of body odors
-Promotion ROM - Physiological changes take place through bathing:
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-Improved circulation
-Improved respirations
-Maintenance or improvement of muscle tone