Medical Terminology-Unit 2 Vocab
Vocab for chapts 5,7,8,9,12 for HESC 105 at Brookdale.
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- myc
- fungus
- orthopnea
- labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and is relieved by sitting up or standing
- melan
- black
- first degree burn
- sunburn
- pepsia
- digestion
- diastolic pressure
- lowest blood pressure
- myopathy
- diseased muscle or muscle tissue
- urticaria
- Allerigic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale-red elevated patches called wheals (hives).
- capillary
- Any of the microscopic blood vessels that connect the end of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the beginning of the smallest veins (venules) where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
- hematemesis
- vomiting blood
- pulmonology
- The medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving the lower respiratory tract.
- albin/leuk
- white
- congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Abnormal condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping
- lobotomy
- incision into a lobe of a lung (does not have to be into a lung)
- embolus
- A mass of undissolved matter, more commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque or air bubble, which travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodges in a blood vessel.
- external respiration
- the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the bloodstream
- ileum
- third part of the small intestines
- hemoglobin
- Components of RBCs that transport oxygen to the cells of the body.
- gastroenterology
- The branch of medicine concerned with digestive diseases
- sphygmometer
- instrument for measuring blood pressure
- pulmonary abscess
- Localized collection of pus in the lungs
- scoliosis
- An abnormal sideward curvature of the spine, either to the left or to the right
- thoracentesis
- Insertion of a needle between the ribs and into the pleural space
- anhidrosis
- abnormal condition characterized by inadequate perspiration or sweating
- cardiology
- a subspecialty of internal medicine that encompasses the treatment of heart disease
- stress test
- A method of evaluating cardiovascular fitness. While exercising, usually on a treadmill, the individual is subjected to steadily increasing the levels of work.
- pleau
- pleura
- lobectomy
- excision or removal of a lobe of any organ or gland
- pulse
- The regular, recurrent, expansion and contraction of an artery that corresponds to each beat of the heart; it can be felt through the walls of the arteries, especially on superficial arteries, such as the radial and carotid arteries
- scleroderma
- Hardening of the skin
- subcutaneous
- Beneath the skin; Synonymous with hypodermis
- cellulitis
- Inflammation of cellular or connective tissue
- scoli
- crooked, bent
- psoriasis
- Chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered with silvery scales.
- thoracotomy
- A surgical incision that opens the chest for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
- oid
- resembling
- elevated lesions
- Lesions that may be solid or fluid filled that are raised.
- ather
- fatty plaque
- bradypnea
- abnormally slow breathing evidenced by a respiratory rate of less than 12 respirations per minute.
- postprandial
- after a meal
- extra
- outside
- colitis
- Inflammation of the colon or large intestines
- chrondromalacia
- softening of the articular cartiledge, usually the patella, which occurs in young adults after knee surgery
- pneumothorax
- collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity
- angina pectoris
- severe pain around the heart caused by a deficiency of oxygen supply to the heart muscle
- tracheostomy
- Surgical opening through the base of the neck into the trachea for the insertion of a tube to create an open airway . The person breathes through this opening, bypassing the upper airways.
- hypoxemia
- deficiency of oxygen in the blood
- bronch/bronchi
- bronchus (plural, bronchi)
- sinoatrial node (SA node)
- Area in the right atrium that generates electrical impulses that cause the muscle fibers of both atria to contract; also know as the pacemaker of the heart
- pustule
- Small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus; sually less than 1cm in diameter. Ex. acne, furuncle, pustular psoriasis, scabies
- periodontist
- A specialist in periodontics
- viral hepatitis
- Inflammation of the liver cause by a virus; marked by hepatic cell destruction, necrosis, and autolysis, leading to anorexia, jaundice, and hepatomegaly.
- anoxia
- an abnormal condition characterized by lack of oxygen.
- oral
- pertaining to the mouth
- electrocardiogram
- a record of the electrical activity of the heart
- xanthoderma
- yellowish discoloration of the skin
- append/appendic
- appendix
- tuberculosis (TB)
- Infection disease caused by the invasion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs, which produces tubercles (granulomatous lesions) that usually remain dormat and asymptomatic until the immune system becomes impaired (immunocompromised) and then the active disease may occur.
- gloss/lingu
- tongue
- pnea
- labored breathing
- gastroesophageal reflux
- A backflow of contecnts of the stomach into the esophagus; often the result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter.
- excoriations
- Linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis. Ex. scratches, abrasions, chemical or thermal burns
- diaphoresis
- condition of profuse sweating; synonymous sudoresis
- arthrodesis
- surgical immobilization of a joint to relieve pain or provide support
- systolic pressure
- highest blood pressure
- dermatopathy
- any disease of the skin
- pyloric stenosis
- A narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing sn obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.
- Kaposi sarcoma
- A vascular malignancy that is often first apparent in the skin or mucous membranes but many involve the viscera (most common AIDS related tumor)
- or/stomat
- mouth
- osteomalacia
- A vitamin D deficiency in adults marked by increasing softness of the bones, to the point of their becoming flexible and brittle, and thus causing deformities
- myel
- bone marrow, spinal cord
- kyphosis
- An abnormal curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as hunchback or humpback
- spondyl
- vertebrae (backbone)
- epiglottis
- The upper most cartilage that closes over the top of the larynx during swallowing to prevent food entry into the airway.
- metabolism
- The sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism; all energy and material transformations that occur within living cells
- Crohn disease
- A chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, although it may affect any portion of the intestinal tract.
- hidr
- perspiration or sweating
- diverticulosis
- The presence of pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, particularly the sigmoid colon.
- fasci
- band/fascia
- pruritus
- Itching, which may be a sympton of a process such as an allergy response.
- bulla
- A vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm in diameter. Ex. second degree burns, severe poison oak, ivy dermatitis
- deep partial-thickness burns
- More painful burns that involve the entire epidermis layer and even part of the dermis.
- antipyretic
- any medicine that lowers body temperature to prevent or alleviate fever
- alopecia
- Partial or complete absense or loss of hair, especially of the head; baldness
- duoden
- duodenun
- lumbodynia
- pain in the lower back
- pylor
- pylorus, pyloric sphincter
- superficial partial-thickness burns
- Burns that damage onlt two-three layers of the epidermis and generally heal in 2-7 days. Ex. Sunburns or steam burns
- auscultation
- Use of a stehoscope to listen to sounds withing the body, especially in the chest, neck, and abdomen; used to detect crackles and wheezes in the lungs, pleural rubs, and other physiological phenomena
- endoscopy
- Visualization of the interior of organs and cavities of the body with an endoscope.
- osteoporosis
- porous bone; a disorder characterized by abnormal loss of bone density
- scabies
- Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite.
- antipruritics
- Substances commonly used as ointments, cremas, or lotions to prevent or relieve itching.
- basal cell carcinoma
- Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis that is locally invasive but rarely metasizes
- leukoderma
- Lack of pigment in the skin
- duodenum
- First part of the small intestines
- xer
- dry
- ventricle
- lower chamber of the heart
- sialoadenitis
- Inflammation of the salivary gland.
- comminuted
- A fracture in which the bone is broken or splintered into pieces
- pulmonary embolus (PE)
- Blood clot or other material that travels through the blood stream and lodges in the pulmonary vessels.
- impacted
- A fracture in which the bone is broken and one end is wedged into the interior of the other
- hist/histi
- tissue
- hypertension
- High blood pressure
- cheil/labi
- lip
- pharyng
- pharynx (throat)
- eu
- good, normal
- gingiv
- gums
- erythocytes
- Red blood cells (RBCs); they transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2)
- complicated
- A fracture in which the broken bone injures an internal organ, such as a broken rib piercing the lung
- achlorhydria
- Absense of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.
- sebum
- An oily, fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands of the skin.
- internal respiration
- the exchange of gases between the bloodstream and the cells
- anteriosclerosis
- hardening of the arteries
- bronchoscopy
- Direct visualization of the bronchi using a flexible tube known as a bronchoscope, which is inserted through the mouth and trachea for the purpose of removing a foreign body, observing the air passages for disease, suctioning secretions, or obtaining a biopsy specimen or secretions for examination.
- sub
- under, below
- spondylitis
- inflammation of the vertebrae
- gastroenteritis
- Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines, accompanying numerous gastroinestinal disorders
- anthrac
- black, coal
- ankylosed
- frozen
- greenstick
- A fracture in which the bone is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children
- epidermolysis
- loosening of the epidermis
- ichthy
- dry, scaly (fishlike)
- fissure
- Small slit or cracklike sore that extends into the dermal layer; could be caused by continuous inflammation and drying.
- embol
- plug
- ox
- oxygen
- kyph
- hill, mountain
- myotomy
- incision in the muscle
- arteriole
- A minute artery, especially on that, at its distal end, leads into a capillary; the smallest of the arteries
- peri
- around
- systemic circulation
- circulation fo blood from the body organs (except the lungs) to the heart and back again
- angioma
- tumor consisting of blood vessels
- arteriosclerosis
- A common arterial disorder characterized by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls
- vitiligo
- Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
- melanoma
- Any group of malignant, darkly pigmented neoplasms that orginate in the skin and are made up of melanocytes.
- arthritis
- Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and frequently, changes in structure
- lordosis
- An abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly called swayback
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Any pathological process with chronic obstruction of the bronchial tubes and lungs
- chiropractor
- A health-care practitioner that is certified and licensed to provide chiropractic care in treating musculoskeletal disorders
- lob
- lobe
- septum
- A wall, or partition dividing two cavaties; a partition between the right and left sides of the heart.
- electrocardiography
- process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
- Holter monitor test
- The use of a portable device small enough to be worn by a patient during normal activity. It consists of an electrocardiograph and a recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of the individual's electrocardiogram record.
- depressed lesions
- Caused by loss of skin surface
- cirrh/jaund/xanth
- yellow
- lord
- curve, swayback
- peritoneal cavity
- The space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, stomach, and liver.
- antitussives
- Drugs that prevent or relieve coughing
- esophag
- esophagus
- phren
- diaphragm, mind
- hyperhidrosis
- abnormal condition of excessive sweating; synonymous with sudorrhea
- hepatitis
- Inflammatory condition of the liver, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly, anorxia, abdominal and gastric discomfort, abnormal liver function, clay-colored stools, and tea-colored urine.
- periodontics
- The branch of dentistry concerned with the treatment of abnormal conditions of the tissues around the teeth.
- atherosclerosis
- The most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by the cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in arterial linings
- ischemia
- A decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ
- cyan
- blue
- anoxemia
- absence of oxygen in the blood
- mascule
- Flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less tjan 1 cm in diameter. Ex. freckle, flat mole, or rash that occurs in the rubella.
- onych/ungu
- nail
- papule
- Solid raised lesions less than 1 cm in diameter that may be the same color as the skin or pigmented. Ex. nevus, warts, pimples, ringworm, psoriasis, eczema
- orth
- straight
- dermatitis
- Inflammation of the skin
- pulmonary edema
- Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces; most common cause is left-sided congestive heart failure
- chiropractic medicine
- A system of therapy based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure on the nerves.
- arthroscopy
- Visual examination of the interior of a joint performed by inserting an endoscope through a small incision
- arthrolysis
- Surgical procedure to restore mobilization to an ankylosed joint
- pneumothorax
- collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity
- ulcer
- An open sore or ;esions that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring. Ex. pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma.
- tachypnea
- rapid breathing
- arthrocentesis
- Surgical repair of a joint space with a needle to remove accumulated fluid
- skeletal muscle relaxants
- Agents that relive muscle spasm and stiffness and are p[rescribed to treat acute musculoskeletal conditions such as strains, sprains, and "pulled muscles"
- spondyloptosis
- prolapse of a vertebrae
- coni
- dust
- atherosclerosis
- abnormal condition of fatty plaque buildup on the inner lining of the artery wall
- impetigo
- Inflammatory skin disease characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture.
- myocardial infarction (MI)
- Necrosis of a portion of a cardia muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries.
- arteriostenosis
- narrowing of an artery
- osteopathic physician (DO)
- a health-care practitioner that provides medical treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
- corticosteroids
- Hormonelike preparations used as anti-inflammatory agents; topical agentns that are administered for their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties
- full-thickness burns
- Burns that affect all skin layers, including the subcutaneous tissue. The center may be painless due to nerve damage.
- fracture
- A break in the bone
- nodule
- Palpable, circumscribed lesion, larger and deeper than a papule (0.6 to 2cm in diameter), extends into the dermal area. Ex. intradermal nevus, benign or malignant tumor
- apnea
- Temporary cessation of breathing or respirations
- varicose veins
- A twisted, dilated vein with incompetent valves, most commonly found in the saphenous veins of the lower legs
- phor
- to carry/to transmit
- dyspepsia
- difficult digestion; a vague feeling of epigastric discomfort, felt after eating
- alveol
- alveolus (plural, alveoli)
- dent/odont
- teeth
- osteomyelitis
- Local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow
- atel
- incomplete, imperfect
- scler
- hardening, sclera
- trache
- trachea
- quadraplegia
- paralysis of all four extremeties
- anorexia
- Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat.
- vesicle
- Elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled leasion, less than 0.5cm in diamter. Ex. poison ivy, shingles, chickenpox
- pulmonologist
- Physicians who treat respiratory disorders.
- flat lesions
- Flat, discolored, circumscribed lesions of any size.
- sebaceous
- Containing, or pertaining to, sebum
- thromb
- blood clot
- thrombus
- An aggregation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, sometimes occluding the lumen of the vessel. condition of a stationary blood clot
- hernia
- A protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through a wall of the cavity that normally contains it.
- tachycardiac
- pertaining to a rapid heart rate
- cyanosis
- a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished (as in carbon monoxide poisoning); bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the presence of reduced hemoglobin
- ous
- pertaining to
- hyperemesis
- excessive vomiting
- irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- chronic or periodic diarrhea alternating with constipation
- sial
- saliva, salivary glands
- MI
- Abbreviation for myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- compound (open)
- A fracture with an external wound in the skin
- atrium
- upper chamber of the heart
- chonlangi
- bile vessel
- sublingual
- pertaining to the area under the tongue
- pneumon/pulmon
- lung
- arteri
- artery
- pector/steth/thorac
- chest
- dysphagia
- difficulty with digestion; trouble swallowing
- albinism
- A group of inherited disorders that produce a deficiency or absense of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, or eyes only, related to abnormality in the production in melanin.
- dermatomycosis
- Fungal infection of the skin
- angi
- vessel
- Dermatology
- the branch of medicine concerned with the study of diseases, diseases of the skin, and the relationship of cutaneous lesions to systemic disease.
- toma
- instrument to cut
- pericardium
- structure around the heart
- sphygm
- pulse
- hepat
- liver
- ankyl
- stiff, bent crooked
- hem
- blood
- orthopedics
- the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
- tinea
- Any fungal skin disease, frequently caused by ringworm
- pancreatitis
- An inflammatory condition of the pancreas that may be acute of chronic.
- squamous
- Platelike, scaly, or covered with scales
- chronic bronchitis
- inflammation of the bronchial tree characterized by hypersecretion of mucus, cough, and expectoration of sputum over a prolonged period of time.
- polyposis coli
- A condition of mulitple polypsin the large intestine.
- gouty
- Arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body
- aneurysm
- A localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery, due to a congenital defect or weakness in the vessel wall
- diverticulitis
- Inflammation of one or more diverticula.
- phleb/ven
- vein
- thrombophlebitis
- Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a thrombus.
- arthroplasty
- The surgicareconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid or osteoarthritis, or to correct a congenital deformity
- arteriol
- arteriole
- prandial
- meal
- pulmonary circulation
- Circulation of blood through a network of vessls from the heart to the lungs for the oxygenation of blood and then back to the heart again
- erythem/erythemat/erythr
- red
- analrectal
- pertaining to the anus or rectum
- stethoscope
- instrument used to transmit the the examiner's ears sounds produced by the body.
- lyme disease
- An acute, recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick
- pneum
- air/lung
- lip/adip
- fat
- lipoid
- resembling fat
- asthma
- A respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paroysmal dyspnea, wheezing on expiration/inspiration caused by constriction of the bronchi, coughing, and viscous mucoid bronchial secretions
- ascites
- Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
- dyspnea
- difficult or painful respiration; this can be due to exertion or a pathological condition or injury
- wheal
- Elevated, firm, rounded lesion with localized skin edema that varies in size, shape and color; white in the center with a pale-red periphery, acoompanied by itching. Ex. hives, insect bites, urticaria
- ichthyosis
- abnormal condition of dry, scaly skin, resembling fish skin
- erythema
- Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes resulting from dilation and congestion of superficial capillaries
- orthopedist
- one who specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions
- ankylosis
- condition of a stiff joint, usually resulting from a disease
- hematochezia
- blood in the stool
- incomplete
- A break in the bone in which the line of fracture does not include the whole bone
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Unexpected and unexplained death of a healthy infant that typically occurs when the child is sleeping, usually between the ages of 3 weeks and 1 year.
- spir
- breathe
- osteoarthritis
- A progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs and destruction or articular cartilage
- hematopoiesis
- The production and development of blood cells, normally ni the bone marrow
- stomatitis
- Any inflammatory condition of the mouth. It may result from infection by bacteria, viruses, or fungi; from exposure to certain chemicalsor drugs; from vitamin deficiency; or from a systemic inflammatory disease.
- diuretics
- Drugs that eliminate fluid by increasing urine output by the kidneys
- hemoptysis
- spitting up blood
- cirrhosis
- Chronic liver disease characterized by the destruction of liver cells; eventually leads to impaired liver function and jaundice.
- cutane/derm/dermat
- skin
- ten/tend/tendin
- tendon
- tumor
- Solid, elevated lesion larger than 2 cm in diameter that extensa into the dermal and subcutaneous layers. Ex. lipoma, steatoma, dermatofibroma, hemangioma
- chole
- bile, gall
- cholelithiasis
- The presence or formation of stones in the gallbladder, also known as gallstones.
- nas/rhin
- nose
- sialitis
- inflammation of the salivary glands