Nursing Final
Terms
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- increased platelet- thrombi and emboli
- Thrombocytosis
- Prematurity and infection
- Major causes of cerebral palsy
- Level of consciousness LOC
- What do you check everytime you are with a patient?
- 5 million
- What is the lab value of erythrocytes (RBC)
- paralysis of lower body
- Paraplegia
- 2-3 second inspiratory and or expiratory pause
- Apneustic
- Cardiovascular disease
- What is the major cause of morality of Diabetes?
- Spleen and liver
- What two organs clean up old blood cells?
- stroke
- Leading cause of long-term disability
- 150,000-300,000
- What is the lab value of platelets (thrombocytes)
- Amputations and foot ulcerations
- What are the most common consequences of diabetic neuropathy?
- Physical barrier that allows some materials to cross. prevents others from crossing
- Blood brain barrier
- the person lies down flat on their back flex the thigh so that it is at a right angle to the trunk and completely extend the leg at the knee joint, if the leg cannot be completely extended due to pain this is a sign
- Kernig's sign
- Rest and nutrition
- How do you treat anemia?
- Anticoagulations-heparin and comadin-warfarin
- What prevents thrombus and emboli?
- controls all motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive and behavioral activities
- Function of nervous system
- non-reversible and progressive form of dementia that reduces the ability to think, remember, reason, judge, and concentrate
- Alzheimers Disease
- trouble starting activities on their own
- What is decreased initiation?
- inflamation of the brain-meningitis may also occur
- Encephalitis
- Increased RBC, Hgb, and PLT
- What is polycythemia?
- >40, in women consider >50mg/dl good cholesterol
- HDL values
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves- 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyx
- How many spinal nerves?
- unpleasent emotional experience of a psychological, social, and spiritual nature
- Distress is defined as
- Fear, anxiety, remission or end of basic rigorous course of treatment, possible insurance and employment problems
- What are some courses for a cancer survivor?
- weight gain
- What is the main contributor to type 2 diabetes
- chemicals that communicate messages from one neuron to another neuron or target tissue
- Neurotransmitters
- caused by a wound, trauma, or surgery
- What is increase loss anemia?
- Incomplete closure of the vertebrae and neural tube
- Spinal Bifida
- metformin
- What is a popular drug for diabetes
- Low platelets
- Thrombocytopenia
- loss of recent memory, forgets bills
- Early/ mild stage of Alzheimers
- From the time of diagnosis through the balance of his or her life
- When is an invididual considered a cancer survivor?
- evaluates patients abilities to perceive and identify specific sensations with eyes closed
- Sensory function
- Very deep, very rapid respirations, no apnea
- Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation
- 1900 ml, 78% brain, 12% blood, 10% CSF
- Intracranial pressure volumes
- uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupt normal function
- Seizures
- headaches
- Most common type of human pain experience
- to determine the effect of neurological dysfunction on daily living in realtion to the patient's and family's ability to cope with neuological deficits
- What is the purpose of the neruological assessment?
- skull not fractured in injury but brain tissue injured
- Closed head injury
- Prodromal and anal phase are prior to seizure. Ictal: full seizure, Postictal phase period of recovery
- Phases of seizures
- children- inlarged circumfrence of head, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability
- Symptoms of hydrocephalus
- Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed
- Brudzinski's Sign
- cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system
- the peripheral nervous system contains
- Hypoxia causes RBC to become sickle (S) shaped to clump together. This occludes capillaries and causes tissue ischemia and necrosis
- What is sickle cell anemia?
- The cranial vault is a fixed space consisting of 3 components: brain, CSF, and blood
- Monroe-Kellie Doctrine
- increased memory loss, makes up stories
- Middle/ moderate stage of Alzheimers
- decreased oxygen
- What is hypoxia?
- Absolute insulin deficiency
- Type 1 diabetes
- a condition in which a person has spontaneously recurring seizures caused by chronic underlying conditions
- Epilepsy
- pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum
- Where is bone marrow found in adults?
- malignancy cancer involving an overproduction of one type of cell
- Leukemia
- impaired insulin secretion and resistance
- Type 2 diabetes
- diet, insulin resistance
- Treatment for type 2 diabetes
- A group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by deficiency of one of the specific factors necessary for coagulation of the blood
- Hemophilia
- protection, buoyancy, excretion of waste products, endocrine transport medium
- Function of Cerebrospinal fluid
- <100mg/dl bad cholesterol
- LDL values
- refers to the lowest level at which sensory and motor functions are normal
- Level of Injury
- Obstruction of CSF
- Hydrocephalus
- irregular, random patters, deep and shallow respirations with periods of apnea
- Ataxic Respirations
- Rhythmic: rate and depth of respiration: brief periods of apnea
- Cheyne-Stokes
- pressence, location, and nature of disease of the nervous system
- The neurological assesment helps determine what?
- Eye opening, best motor responce, best verbal response
- LOC assessment tools- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura mater
- Order of meninges
- bruising of the brain tissue-actual structure damage visible on diagnostic testing
- Cerebral contusion
- hemorrhage into the brain that results in death of brain cells
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- usually occurs within 24 to 48 hours after injury and may present up to several months later by will subside over time
- Post concussion syndrome
- Chronic, nonprogressive motor and posture of dysfunction- poor muscle control and tone
- Cerebral Palsy
- ischemia (inadequate blood flow) to brain
- Ischemic stroke
- balance between clot formation and clot dissolution
- What is hemostasis?
- mental status, function of the cranial nerves, motor function, cerebellar function, sensory function, reflex function
- Neurological Assessment: 6 Categories
- insulin replacement
- Treatment for type 1 diabetes
- AB
- What is the least common blood type
- polyuria-bathroom a lot, polydipsia-eating a lot, polyphagia-drinking a lot of water
- What are the 3 P's?
- 20% of oxygen, 25% of the bodys glucose
- Brain uses:
- Decorticate-abnormal flexion, Decerebrate-abnormal extension, Flaccidity
- Abnormal motor responses:
- degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons
- Parkinson's DIsease
- 45%
- What is the lab value of hematocrit?
- complete cord involvment 45%- total loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury
- Degree of injury
- 15 g/dL
- What is the lab value of hemoglobin?
- <150mg/dl
- TGD values
- Anything taking up more space inside the skull
- Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- inability to perform ADLs, little response to stimuli
- Late/ Severe stage of ALzheimers
- Type 2 diabetes
- Affects around 95% of the diabetic population
- From the time of diagnosis through the balance of their life
- When is an individual considered a cancer survior?
- paralysis of all four extremities
- Tetraplegia
- repeated heachahes that occur for weeks to months followed by periods of remission
- Cluster headache
- physical and psychological
- Up to 75% of survivors have treatment related serious health deficits dealing with?
- low RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit outcome is low oxygen to tissues
- What is anemia?
- confusion, delirium, obtunded, stupor, coma
- Levels of consciousness levels
- 5,000-10,000
- Lab value of leukocytes
- Infection of the meninges
- Meningitis
- physical and psychological issues
- Up to 75% of survivors have treatment related serious health deficits involving what?
- fear, anxiety, remission or end of basic rigorous course of treatment, possible insurance and employment problems
- What are probelms faced by a cancer survior?
- low white blood cells
- Leukopenia-AIDS
- Poorer health outcomes, physical, psychological, and spiritual well being affected
- What are the effects of cancer on the quality of life?
- 12 pairs
- How many cranial nerves?
- site where blood and produced-bone marrow
- What is the hematologic system?
- type O
- What is the most common blood type?
- herpes viruses
- The most common cause of encephalitis is
- combination of neurologic, vascular, and chemical factors involved
- Migraine Headaches
- brain-cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord
- The central nervous system contains
- decreased erythropoietin-renal failure
- What is decresed production anemia?
- Weight gain
- What is the major contributor to type 2 diabetes?
- Absence seizures or petit mal seizure
- Generalized seizures
- hypertension, radiation, infection, trauma, ischemia, inflamation
- The blood brain barrier can be broken by:
- groupings of irregular, gasping respirations, separated by long periods of apnea
- Cluster breathing
- Type 1 diabetes
- Affets around 5% of the diabetic population
- forgets names, phone numbers, places
- Very early stage of Alzheimers
- results from fracture of dislocation of vertebra
- Spinal cord injuries
- Increase blood volume, increase RBC, increase cellular components
- Why do a blood transfusion?
- high levels of white blood cells
- Leukocytosis
- head injury with temporary loss of neurological function with no structual damage
- Cerebral Concussion
- all bones
- Where is bone marrow found in kids?