Respiration
Terms
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- -phon
- voice
- eupnea
- regular, normal breathing
- thyroid cartilage
- adam's apple located in lower part of larynx
- -spiro
- breathe
- larynogopharynx
- behind larynx
- children respiration
- 40 minute
- during inspiration
- diaphragm contracts and thoracic cavity increases in volume
- hyaline cartilage
- supports walls of trachea, by holding it open, and preventing it form collapsing
- Upper respiratory tract
- nose, pharynx, larynx
- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- bringing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide from the body, production of sound.
- medulla oblongata and pons
- includes respiratory center of groups of neurons
- cyan
- blue
- Nasal septum
- divides nasal cavity into 2 parts
- alveoli
- tiny air sacs, thin tissue, permits rapid diffusion of 02 and c02 into and out of the circulatory system
- pleura
- smooth moist membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers surface of lung
- Nose
- bone, cartilage, nasal cavity- divided by nasal septum 2 parts, nostrils/anterior nares, sinuses
- Nasopharynx
- nose region of pharynx
- External respiration
- ventilation or breathing
- pneumpthorax
- build up of air in the pleural cavity on 1 side of the chest, causing the lung to collapse due to increased pressure
- -ox
- oxygen
- facial bones
- frontal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, sphenoidal sinus, maxillary sinus
- -pnea
- breathing
- chemical control
- faster and deeper respirations ordered by respiratory center in medulla oblongata when co2 accumulates in blood
- glottis
- opening between vocal cords
- gastric acid
- destroys most of microorganisms swallwed
- inspiration
- active phase of ventilation because it is result of muscle contaction
- bronchi and bronchial tree
- in medistinum the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi
- True vocal cords
- lower pair of 2 major folds in larynx,
- normal tidal volume
- 500ml
- trachea
- windpipe
- neural pathway of respiration
- carry sensory impulses from the nose, larynx, lungs, skin, abdominal organs, via the vascus nerve in medullar
- cardiac notch
- indentention in left lung for apex of heart
- Lower respiratory tract
- trachea, bronchial tree, bronchioles, alveoli
- pleuritis or pleurisy
- inflammation of the pleura
- respiration
- involves physical and chemical processes, brings o2 to cells and removes co2 from body
- pleur
- pleura
- expiration
- process of letting air out of lungs, passive process involving relaxation of respiratory muscles,
- surfactant
- liproprotein that reduces surface tension inside alveoli so they do not adhere to each other and collapse
- larynx
- voice box, passageway for air between paharynx, and trachea, 9 cartilages connected to each other by muscles and ligaments
- -phren
- diaphragm, mind
- phrenic nerves/motor nerves
- lead to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles of ribs to move the thorax
- adult respiration
- 12-20 min
- tidal volume
- measure lung capacity, amount of air moving in and out of lungs with each breath
- -eu
- good
- compliance
- lungs ability to change capacity as the size of the thoracic davity changes
- decreased thoracic volume
- when relaxation of diaphagm and elastic recoil of tissue, which increases intraalveolar pressure--- air flows out of lungs
- Sinuses
- warm moisten air, add resonance to voice
- Air is moistened by
- capillaries near surface in nose
- bronchioles
- thinner walls made of smooth muscle and elastic tissue, terminate in tiny air sacs called alveoli
- left lung
- longer and narrower than right, 2 lobes superior and inferior
- Internal Respiration
- exhange of gases bertween the tissue cells and the blood in teh capillariestissue cell s use o2 for metabolism and produce xo2 as a waste, co2 is carried in teh blood as bicarbonate (HCO3) in teh plasma and on robc's, bicarbonate deccomposes into water and carbon dioxide and is exhaled w/ water in the form of vapor
- epiglottis
- long leaf shaped structure that acts like trap door to larynx, keep food, foreign particles out
- dcreased intraalveolar pressure
- so air flows into lungs, atmospheric pressure lower in thoracic cavity than environment
- surface tension
- fluid molecultes attracted then adhere to each other, makes it harder to inflate lungs, and creates a tendency for lungs to collapse
- plueral cavity prevents
- friction and helps hold 2 layers together as lungs inflate and deflate
- atel
- incomplete
- Air is warmed by
- mucus
- Conducting passages
- nose, pharynx, larynx= ut, trachea, bronchial tree and lungs, bronchial tree= bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
- throat/pharynx
- opens into larynx, espohagus, serves both respiratory and digestive systems by receiving air from nasal cavity and air, food, and water from oral cavity
- bicarbonate
- HCO3
- oropharynx
- mouth region of pharynx
- plueral cavity
- space between the parietal and visceral pleura, contains thin film of serous fluid produced by the pleura,
- right bronchus
- shorter, wider, and more vertical than left because of this, foreign particles tend to enter it more frequently
- bronchial tree
- after bronchi enter lungs, branch several times into smaller and smaller passages
- Cilia
- filters air, propels mucus w/ trapped particles toward pharynx, where it is swallowed
- point of attachments for lungs
- hilum or root on medial side. where bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter lungs
- lungs
- separated from each other by medistinum, which contains the heart
- mediastimum
- space between the lungs which divides into right and left bronchi
- thoracentesis
- procedure done to alleviate pressure from increased pleural fluid, by draining the fluid from the chest
- -bronch
- bronchus
- Negative pressure
- helps keep lungs expanded
- diaphragm
- large dome shaped muscle that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities, primary muscle involved in inspiration
- trachea extends from
- larynx into mediastinum
- parietal pleura
- lline chest cavity, and wall of thorax
- -lob
- lobe
- Pharynx
- throat, base of skull to level of 6th cervical vertebrae
- carotid arteries and aorta
- have chemoreceptors that are sensitive to o2 levels
- right lung
- shorter broader and has greater volume than the left, 3 lobes, superior, middle, inferior
- external respiration consists
- of inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation), cexchange of o2 and co2 between the environment and lungs, o2 fiffuses from alveoli into blood and co2 diffuses from blood into air in alveoli
- Naterior nares
- air enters nasal cavity from outside through 2 openings called nostrils or
- goblet cells
- in mucous membrane produce mucus that traps microorganisms, dust and other foreign nparticles
- Cellular respiration
- oxidation, o2 enters cell and gives off energy in from of ATP, heat, and H20, produces CO2 as a waste
- visceral pleura
- firmly attached to surface of lungs
- phrenic nerves/motor nerves
- lead to diaphragm and intercostals muscles of the ribs to move thorax