hw 13

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48.: In blood plasma, the major cation is ____SODIUM_________________ and the major anion is __CHLORIDE______________________.
19.: The three sources of daily water intake for the body, from greatest to least, are ___BEVERAGES, DRINKS ________________, __FOODS__________________, and ____METABOLIC WATER______________________.
38.: The movement of water through a membrane to an area of greater dissolved material is called ______OSMOSIS_____________________.
3.: Water located between cells is called _____TISSUE FLUID; INTERSTITIAL___________________________.
25.: The hormone that increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys following reabsorption of sodium ions is __ALDOSTERONE_____________________________.
80.: The pH-regulating mechanism that works most slowly is the _____RENAL;KIDNEYS______________________.
46.: If the osmolarity of a solution increases, this means that the relative amount of dissolved substances has ____INCREASED__________________.
4.: Water within lymph vessels is called ____LYMPH_____________________.
60.: The electrolyte that is an important part of gastric juice is ___CHLORIDE_________________, because it is part of ______HCI__________________.
88.: Involuntary muscle contractions are signs of a pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too ________ALKALINE_________________.
6.: Approximately two-thirds of the total body fluid is found ____WITHIN CELLS__________________, and is called _______INTRACELLULAR FLUID____________________.
61.: The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming a ___SALT_________________ and a(n) ___WEAK ACID ___________________.
33.: A cation is a ____POSITIVE ION__________________ such as _SODIUM; POTASSSIUM;CALCIUM______________________.
45.: If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means that the relative amount of water has _______INCREASED_________________.
2.: Water within cells is called _______INTRACELLULAR FLUID_____________.
85.: The major effect of acidosis on the body is ______DEPRESSION OF THE CNS____________________________.
81.: The pH-regulating mechanisms, in order from most rapid to slowest, are the _BUFFER SYSTEMS_______________, ____RESPIRATORY_________________________, and _____RENAL___________________.
41.: The osmolarity of a solution refers to the concentration of ______DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES______________________.
26.: The hormone that increases excretion of water by the kidneys following excretion of sodium ions is __ANP____________________.
76.: To compensate for alkalosis, the kidneys will excrete more ____BICARBONATE______________ ions and retain more _____HYDROGEN________________ ions.
63.: The bicarbonate buffer system is important for the regulation of pH in the body fluids ____PLASMA___________ and ___TISSUE FLUID______________________.
36.: Negative ions such as chloride or sulfate are called ___ANIONS______________________.
27.: When there is too little water in the body, the secretion of the hormone _____ADH___________ increases, and urinary output __DECREASES__________________.
83.: The pH-regulating mechanism that has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the _____RENAL;KIDNEYS____________________.
56.: The electrolyte that is essential for blood clotting is ______CALCIUM__________________.
52.: The body fluids in which proteins are significant organic anions are __PLASMA________________ and __INTRACELLULAR FLUID________________________.
42.: If the osmolarity of a solution increases, this means that the relative amount of _____WATER__________________ has decreased.
24.: The hormone that directly increases water reabsorption by the kidneys is _____ADH___________.
11.: Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of _______FILTRATION____________________.
5.: Intracellular fluid is found ______WITHIN CELLS_______________, and is approximately ______2/3RD_________ of the total body fluid.
82.: The pH-regulating mechanism that has the least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the ____BUFFER SYSTEMS________________________.
12.: By the process of filtration, blood plasma becomes ______TISSUE FLUID _____________________.
18.: Metabolic water is the water produced in the body during _______CELL RESPIRATION_______________________.
34.: Positive ions such as sodium or calcium are called ___CATIONS____________________.
44.: If the osmolarity of a solution increases, this means that the relative amount of water has ________DECREASED_________________.
16.: The second largest source of daily water intake for a person comes from ___FOOD_______________.
13.: Tissue fluid becomes intracellular fluid by the process of _______OSMOSIS_________________.
64.: The phosphate buffer system is important for pH regulation by the _____KIDNEYS_____________ (organ).
62.: The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong base by forming a(n) ____WEAK BASE________________ and ____WATER___________________.
22.: Most of the loss of body water is by way of ___URINE_____________________, and secondary losses are by way of _______SWEATING_________________ and _BREATHING________________________.
9.: The specialized fluid __CEREBROSPINAL FLUID_______________________ is a shock absorber for the central nervous system.
35.: An anion is a __NEGATIVE ION_____________________ such as __CHLORIDE;BICARBONATE;SULFATE______________________.
77.: If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions, the pH of body fluids will probably ___INCREASE; RISE_____________.
69.: To compensate for metabolic acidosis, respirations will ___INCREASE__________________ in order to ____EXHALE; GET RID OF ______________________ carbon dioxide.
8.: The specialized fluid ___SEROUS FLUID___________________ prevents friction between the pleural membranes.
32.: An electrolyte is a substance that, in water, _____DISSOCIATES;IONIZES______________ into its ___POSITIVE IONS___________ and ___NEGATIVE IONS ____________________.
17.: The smallest source of daily water intake for a person comes from ___MMETABOLIC WATER______________________.
1.: Water within blood vessels is called _____PLASMA____________________.
75.: To compensate for acidosis, the kidneys will excrete more ___HYDROGEN______________ ions and retain more _____BICARBONATE________________ ions.
14.: By the process of osmosis, tissue fluid becomes _____________INTRACELLULAR FLUID; PLASMA_______________.
71.: Increased respirations to exhale more carbon dioxide is a compensation for ___METABOLIC ACIDOSIS_____________________.
39.: Osmosis can be simply defined as the ________DIFFUSION________________ of water.
10.: The specialized fluid ___AQUEOUS HUMOR______________________ is the tissue fluid of the eye.
79.: The pH-regulating mechanism that works most rapidly is the __DECREASE;BECOME LOWER________________________.
59.: The electrolyte that is part of ATP is ___PHOSPHATE_______________________.
58.: The electrolyte that is part of DNA and RNA is _____PHOSPHATE_________________.
49.: In tissue fluid, the major cation is ___SODIUM___________________ and the major anion is _______CHLORIDE__________________.
7.: The specialized fluid ____SYNOVIAL FLUID_____________________ prevents friction in joints.
28.: When there is too much water in the body, the secretion of the hormone _______ADH__________ decreases, and urinary output ____INCREASES______________.
29.: With respect to the kidneys, the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are _______ADH_____________________ and _____ALDOSTERONE__________________.
73.: The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of _CARBON DIOXIDE__________________________ in body fluids.
86.: The major effect of alkalosis on the body is _____OVEREXCITABILITY OF THE NERVOUS _____________________________.
23.: Too little water in the body is called ____DEHYDRATION_______________________, and may be caused by ____________DIARRHEA; VOMITING_________________ or EXCESSIVE SWEATING; HEMORRHAGE_____________________________.
72.: Decreased respirations to retain more carbon dioxide is a compensation for __METABOLIC ALKALOSIS______________________.
67.: An amino acid acts as a base in body fluids when the ______AMINE_______________ group picks up a _____HYDROGEN ION________________________.
87.: Lethargy and decreased awareness are signs of a pH imbalance with the body fluids becoming too ______ACIDIC____________________.
20.: The part of the brain that regulates the water content of the body is the __HYPOTHALAMUS___________________.
54.: The electrolytes that are part of bones and teeth are ___CALCIUM_____________________ and _____PHOSPHATE______________________.
57.: The electrolyte that is essential for efficient oxygen transport is _______IRON____________.
84.: The pH-regulating mechanisms, in order, from greatest to least capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance, are the __RENAL_______________________, _RESPIRATORY_______________________ and ____BUFFER SYSTEMS__________________________.
51.: In plasma and tissue fluid, __PROTEINS__________________ are significant organic anions.
78.: If the kidneys are excreting fewer hydrogen ions, the pH of body fluids will probably _DECREASE; BECOME LOWER_________________________.
74.: The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the mount of __CARBON DIOXIDE_______________________ in body fluids, which in turn affects the number of __HYDROGEN IONS___________ present in body fluids.
15.: Most of a person's daily water intake comes from _____BEVERAGES; DRINKS_____________________.
70.: To compensate for metabolic alkalosis, respirations will __DECREASE_____________ in order to _RETAIN;CONSERVE_________________________ carbon dioxide.
30.: With respect to the kidneys, the two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are __ADH________________ from the _______POSTERIOR PITUITARYALDOSTERONE______________ (gland) and ____________________ from the __ADRENAL CORTEX___________________ (gland).
65.: The phosphate buffer system buffers a strong acid by forming a __WEAK ACID____________________ and a ___SALT_________________________.
21.: Most of the loss of body water is by way of ___URINE__________________________.
43.: If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means that the relative amount of ______WATER_______________ has increased.
31.: A substance that, in water, dissociates into its positive and negative ions, is called a(n) ___ELECTROLYTE_________________________.
68.: The protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in _____INTRACELLULAR____________________ fluid.
37.: The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure is called ____FILTRATION____________________.
55.: The electrolytes that are essential for normal muscle contraction are SODIUM___________________, _POTASSIUM________________________, and __CALCIUM______________________.
40.: The concentration of dissolved substances in a solution is called ____OSMOLARITY__________________.
66.: An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when the _____CARBOXYL________________ group gives off a ____HYDROGEN ION________________________.
53.: The electrolytes that are essential for normal nerve impulse transmission are _____SODIUM_________________ and ___POTASSIUM___________________.
47.: If the osmolarity of a solution decreases, this means that the relative amount of dissolved substances has ________DECREASED________________.
50.: In intracellular fluid, the major cation is ___POTASSIUM_______________ and the major anion is ___PHOSPHATE____________________.

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Number of cards 88